Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and Prostaglandins

A class of lipid compounds that play important roles in various physiological processes, including inflammation, pain, and fever.

The process of maintaining a stable body temperature.

The enzyme that catalyzes the first step in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and prostacyclins.

A type of COX enzyme that is constitutively expressed in various tissues and contributes to normal physiological functions.

A type of COX enzyme that is induced by pro-inflammatory stimuli and contributes to inflammation and other pathological processes.

A prostaglandin that inhibits platelet aggregation, dilates blood vessels, and increases vascular permeability.

A prostaglandin that contributes to pain, fever, inflammation, and other pro-inflammatory effects.

A prostaglandin that promotes platelet aggregation, constricts blood vessels, and contributes to bronchoconstriction.

NSAIDs are more likely to accumulate in inflamed areas, like swollen joints, due to their acidic nature.

NSAIDs are efficiently removed from the body through the gut and kidneys.

The time it takes for the concentration of a drug in the body to decrease by half.

NSAIDs can displace other drugs from their binding sites on proteins in the blood, leading to increased concentrations of those drugs.

NSAIDs may reduce the effectiveness of blood pressure medications, potentially causing high blood pressure or kidney damage.

NSAIDs can inhibit the breakdown of certain drugs by the body, leading to higher levels of these drugs in the blood.

Prostaglandins are chemicals that protect the stomach lining. NSAIDs block their production, leading to stomach irritation and ulcers.

NSAIDs can cause bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract, ranging from minor bleeding to severe hemorrhage.

A nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used to treat pain, fever and inflammation.

Aspirin is used to prevent strokes and heart attacks by inhibiting platelet aggregation.

Aspirin can cause hypersensitivity reactions in some individuals, leading to asthma, skin reactions, and even anaphylaxis.

Sulfasalazine, olsalazine, and 5-aminosalicylate are NSAIDs used primarily for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.

Ibuprofen, naproxen, ketoprofen, flurbiprofen, oxaprozin, and fenoprofen are NSAIDs often used for osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, dysmenorrhea, and pain.

The presence of metoclopramide or caffeine increases the absorption of aspirin in the body.

Valproate can inhibit the absorption of aspirin in the body.

NSAIDS should be contraindicated in patients with NSAID allergies, peptic ulcer disease, inflammatory gastrointestinal diseases, history of gastrointestinal disease, or GI bleeding.

A nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used for pain relief and fever reduction. It is known for its effectiveness and low cost but can cause liver damage if taken in excessive doses.

A group of drugs that selectively inhibit COX-2, an enzyme involved in inflammation. They are used to relieve pain and reduce inflammation, but may have increased risk of cardiovascular events.

One of the COX-2 inhibitors, used for conditions like arthritis, menstrual cramps, and acute pain. However, it carries a risk of cardiovascular events and should be used with caution.

Another COX-2 inhibitor commonly used for arthritis, menstrual cramps, and pain. It also carries a risk of cardiovascular events and potential kidney problems.

A COX-2 inhibitor used primarily for acute pain management. It also poses a risk of cardiovascular events and should be used with caution.

A chronic inflammatory disease primarily affecting the spine, causing stiffness and pain.

A group of medications that work by reducing pain and inflammation.

Some NSAIDs are best avoided by patients affected by kidney issues because they may be unsafe to administer.

Absorption of certain NSAIDs can be slowed by using antacids.

Certain NSAIDs may increase the risk of bleeding when combined with warfarin.

Aspirin, a common NSAID, can be given through injections (parenterally).

Combining certain NSAIDs can increase unwanted side effects due to the overlapping nature of their mechanisms.

For patients with corneal issues, certain NSAIDs are contraindicated, mainly because they can increase the risk of corneal problems.

A type of medication that blocks the action of a protein called TNF-alpha, which plays a key role in inflammation.

A common side effect of TNF-alpha inhibitors, particularly involving joints or skin.

A common adverse effect of TNF-alpha inhibitors, potentially leading to serious infections.

A serious side effect of TNF-alpha inhibitors, involving the production of blood cells.

A TNF-alpha inhibitor used frequently in the treatment of various autoimmune diseases.

A TNF-alpha inhibitor often preferred in patients with severe rheumatoid arthritis.

A TNF-alpha inhibitor requiring intravenous administration, and typically used in combination with methotrexate.

A cytokine antagonist that specifically inhibits the action of interleukin-1, another key player in inflammatory processes.