Anthropology Overview Quiz

Anthropology and Related Fields

• Anthropology explores ancient societies and cultural traditions, focusing on understanding human behavior and cultural variation.
• Physical Anthropology, or Biological Anthropology, examines behavioral aspects of humans.
• Archaeology investigates ancient and recent human civilizations.
• Cultural Anthropology analyzes the diversity of cultures among humans.
• Linguistic Anthropology studies human language and its impact on social life.
• Evolutionary Theory describes changes in heritable traits over time.

Key Figures in Anthropology

• Edward Tylor is recognized as the founder of Cultural Anthropology.
• Franz Boas introduced the Theory of Relativism, promoting understanding diverse cultures without ethnocentric bias.
• Claude Levi Strauss is known for structuralist approaches to anthropology.

Sociology and Social Behavior

• Sociology studies human societies and social interactions.
• Socialization is the childhood process through which individuals learn values, habits, and attitudes.
• Culture encompasses the collective thoughts and behaviors of people.
• Social Change refers to evolving human interactions and societal structures.

Criminology and Political Concepts

• Criminology combines multiple disciplines to explore the causes of criminal behavior.
• Political systems define the structure of government and power dynamics within societies.
• Gender Studies analyze practices and roles of different genders in society.

Influential Sociologists

• Georg Simmel contributed foundational social theories that analyze group interactions.
• Georg Herbert Mead developed the concept of the “generalized other,” focusing on social identity formation.

Geography Specializations

• Geography studies the Earth's physical and human influences.
• Economical Geography examines the distribution of economic activities.
• Physical Geography focuses on natural processes affecting the Earth.
• Climatology studies climate patterns and changes.
• Cultural Geography analyzes how cultures shape geographical spaces.
• Biogeography investigates species distribution and ecosystems.
• Oceanography explores oceanic systems and phenomena.
• Hydrology studies water in the hydrosphere.
• Animal Geography examines human-animal interactions.
• Glaciology focuses on glaciers and ice sheets.
• Paleogeography is the study of ancient landforms and waters.
• Agricultural Geography links agriculture practices to human activities.
• Social Geography studies societal relationships with spatial locations.

Economics Foundations

• "Oikos" and "Nomos" are roots of the term 'Economics,' relating to household management and distributions.
• Macroeconomics assesses the performance of entire economies, while Microeconomics studies individual economic behaviors.
• Gross Domestic Product (GDP) measures the total market value of goods and services.
• Gross National Product (GNP) also measures market value, accounting for income from foreign investments.
• The Invisible Hand Theory represents self-regulating behavior in markets; proposed by Adam Smith.
• Thomas Mun contributed insights into economic principles as an English writer.

Demography

• Demography studies human populations, considering size, structure, and distribution.
• Formal demography focuses on statistical aspects of population.
• Social demography examines societal implications of population changes.
• Economic demography links economic conditions to population trends.
• Anthropological demography merges anthropology methods with demographic study.
• Historical demography surveys past population trends.
• Mathematical demography applies models and calculations to population data.
• Bio-demography examines genetic factors affecting populations.
• Spatial demography analyzes population layouts across geographic spaces.
• Paleo-demography studies ancient populations.
• John Graunt is noted for natural and political observation techniques.
• William Petty introduced concepts of political arithmetic.

History Studies

• History investigates past events, emphasizing the endurance of human experiences.
• St. Augustine of Hippo advocated for human education.
• Key elements in historiography include events, their dates, times, and locations.
• Ancient History covers early civilizations; Medieval History addresses the Roman Empire's decline.
• Modern History spans from the Renaissance to contemporary times, while Social History focuses on people’s lived experiences.
• Political History traces political system evolution; Economic History investigates economic systems' development.
• Cultural History observes the progression of art and cultural expressions.
• Teodoro Andal Agoncillo is recognized as a prominent Filipino historian.

Psychology Foundations

• Virgilio Enriquez is denoted as the Father of Filipino Psychology.
• Charles Darwin's Theory of Evolution underpins modern biological understanding.
• Wilhelm Wundt established psychology as a formal discipline.
• Clinical Psychology provides counseling and therapeutic services.
• Cognitive Psychology investigates mental processes including perception and memory.
• Behavioral Psychology centers on observable behaviors and learning methodologies.
• Social Psychology studies how social interactions shape individual behavior.

Political Science Theories

• Political Science systematically analyzes states and governments.
• The Divine Right Theory posits that rulers receive authority from divine sources.
• Necessity or Force Theory suggests governments arise through forceful means.
• Paternalistic Theory implies governance should resemble parental guidance.
• Social Contract Theory justifies people's authority to revolt against governance.
• Conflict Theory emphasizes the role of conflict in social interactions and structures.

Test your knowledge on the various fields of anthropology, including physical, cultural, linguistic anthropology, and archaeology. Explore key concepts such as evolutionary theory and influential figures like Edward Tylor and Franz Boas. This quiz highlights the rich diversity and legacy of human societies.