Questions and Answers
What are the 3 types of kinships?
Consanguineal kinship, Affinal kinship, Fictive kinship.
What is consanguineal kinship?
Biologically related relatives, commonly referred to as blood relatives.
What is affinal kinship?
Relatives by marriage; in-laws.
What is fictive kinship?
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What does a nuclear family consist of?
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What is a kin group?
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What are three functions of marriage?
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What is exogamy?
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What is endogamy?
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What is the difference between exogamy and endogamy?
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What is monogamy?
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What is polygamy?
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What are the two types of polygamy?
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What is group marriage?
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What is bridewealth?
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What is bride service?
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What is a dowry?
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What is a post-marital residence pattern?
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What is the difference between patrilineal, matrilineal, and bilateral descent?
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What is matrifocality?
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What is an extended family?
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What is unilineal descent?
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What is cognatic descent?
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What are kin terms?
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What is a life cycle?
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What is a rite of passage?
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What is the definition of religion?
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What is the definition of magic?
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What is a taboo?
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What is the difference between sorcery and witchcraft?
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What is a ritual?
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What are priests?
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What are shamans?
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What is generalized reciprocity?
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What is negative reciprocity?
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What is balanced reciprocity?
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What is redistribution?
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What is market exchange?
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What is globalization?
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What is an ethnic group?
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What are ethnic boundary markers?
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What is ethnogenesis?
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What is the definition of nationality?
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What is ethnic segregation?
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What are ethnic accommodations?
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What is a subnationality?
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What are transnationals?
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What is the definition of sex?
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What is the definition of gender?
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What is institutionalized gender crossing?
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What are the four characteristics of institutionalized gender crossing?
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What is gender stratification?
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What are the smallest to largest political systems?
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What is the difference between simple and composite bands?
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What is a tribe?
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What is a chiefdom?
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What is a state in a political context?
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What is influence?
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What is authority?
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What are big men?
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What are sodalities?
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What is social control?
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What are laws?
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What is a self-help legal system?
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What is a feud?
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What are the three categories of court systems?
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What are incipient courts?
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What are courts of mediation?
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What are courts of regulation?
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What is inequality?
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What are egalitarian societies?
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What are ranked societies?
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What are stratified societies?
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What are classes in stratified societies?
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What are castes?
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Study Notes
Kinship Types
- Consanguineal Kinship: Biologically related individuals, commonly known as blood relatives.
- Affinal Kinship: Relatives by marriage; typically refers to in-laws.
- Fictive Kinship: Recognized relationships with kinship obligations that do not stem from blood or marriage ties, such as close friends or foster children.
Family Structures
- Nuclear Family: Comprises parents and their children.
- Kingroup: Cultural group perceived as relatives, cooperating in activities and sharing kin identity.
- Matrifocality: Family structure consisting of a mother and her children, with minimal or no male presence.
- Extended Family: Multiple closely related nuclear families living together.
Marriage Concepts
-
Marriage: Socially recognized union between male and female, serving three main functions:
- Producing and socializing children.
- Acting as a basic economic unit.
- Establishing rights and obligations between individuals and kin.
Marriage Practices
- Exogamy: Marriage outside of a specific group.
- Endogamy: Marriage within a specific group.
- Monogamy: Marital practice of having one spouse at a time.
-
Polygamy: Marriage involving three or more spouses, with two types:
- Polygyny: Man with multiple wives.
- Polyandry: Woman with multiple husbands.
- Group Marriage: Multiple men and women having sexual access to one another.
Marriage Traditions
- Bridewealth: Goods given from the groom's family to the bride's family to legitimize marriage.
- Bride Service: Work performed by the groom for the bride's family, either before or after marriage.
- Dowry: Property or money brought by the wife to her husband upon marriage.
Descent Patterns
- Patrilineal Descent: Kinship traced through the male line.
- Matrilineal Descent: Kinship traced through the female line.
- Bilateral Descent: Kinship traced through both male and female lines.
- Unilineal Descent: Kinship traced through only one line: either patrilineal or matrilineal.
- Cognatic Descent: Relationships traced through both male and female lines.
Cultural Transition and Rites
- Life Cycle: Changes in roles and relationships as individuals pass through culturally defined age categories.
- Rite of Passage: Public ceremony marking a transition from one status or group to another.
- Rite of Initiation: Marks acceptance into a group or society.
Religious and Supernatural Beliefs
- Religion: System of belief in the supernatural.
- Magic: Practices aimed at controlling supernatural forces.
- Fetish: An object utilized in magic for protection or aid.
- Taboo: Behavior deviating from social norms.
Social Structures and Systems
-
Political Systems: Hierarchical organizations include
- Band: Small, typically extended family groups.
- Tribe: Several communities connected by social ties with achieved status.
- Chiefdom: Centralized systems with hereditary authority.
- State: Large, bureaucratic societies with both achieved and ascribed status.
Economic Systems
-
Reciprocity: Exchange of goods/services with variations including:
- Generalized Reciprocity: Providing without immediate compensation.
- Balanced Reciprocity: Direct exchange of equal value.
- Negative Reciprocity: Exploitation in transactions.
- Redistribution: Centralized authority redistributing goods for societal benefit.
- Market Exchange: Utilization of a medium, such as money, for trade.
Global Dynamics
- Globalization: Integration of economies, societies, and cultures worldwide.
- Global Economy: Interconnected market for goods and services.
Ethnic and Social Constructs
- Ethnic Group: Social group sharing ancestry, traditions, and history.
- Ethnogenesis: Formation of new ethnic groups.
- Ethnic Segregation: Enforced separation of ethnic groups by dominant groups.
- Gender Stratification: Inequality in access to resources and opportunities based on gender.
Court Systems and Legal Structures
- Inequality: Variance in access to rewards and opportunities.
- Incipient Courts: Informal judicial systems focused on discussions, lacking formal evidence collection.
- Courts of Mediation: Attempt to reach compromises based on cultural values.
- Courts of Regulation: Authorities utilizing codified laws to resolve disputes.
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Test your knowledge on the types of kinships with these flashcards. This quiz covers concepts such as consanguineal, affinal, and fictive kinship relationships, essential for understanding anthropological studies. Prepare for your upcoming exam and deepen your comprehension of kinship dynamics.