Anthropology Exam 2 Flashcards

Consanguineal kinship, Affinal kinship, Fictive kinship.

Biologically related relatives, commonly referred to as blood relatives.

Relatives by marriage; in-laws.

<p>Relationships among individuals who recognize kinship obligations although the relationships are not based on either consanguineal or affinal ties.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Parents and children.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A group of people who culturally conceive themselves to be relatives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Produces and socialize children, serves as a basic economic unit, creates a set of rights and obligations between individuals and broader kin groups.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Marriage outside of a group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Marriage within a particular group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exogamy is marriage outside a group, while endogamy is marriage within a group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The marital practice of having only one spouse at a time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Marriage in which three or more spouses are involved.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Polygyny (man with multiple wives) and polyandry (woman with multiple husbands).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Marriage in which several men and women have sexual access to one another.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Goods given from the groom's family to the bride's family to legitimize a marriage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Work or service performed for the bride's family by the groom for a specified period of time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When the wife's family pays the groom's family.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When the majority of newly married couples establish their own residence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Patrilineal is descent through the male line, matrilineal is descent through the female line, and bilateral descent is through both lines.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Family group consisting of a mother and her children, while the male is only loosely attached or not present at all.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Two or more closely related nuclear families clustered together into a large domestic group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Descent through one line, including patrilineal (father) and matrilineal (mother), but not both.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A form of descent in which relationships are traced back using both male and female lines of descent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The words used by an individual to describe their various kinds of relatives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The changes in expected activities, roles, rights, and obligations, and social relationships individuals experience as they move through culturally defined age categories.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A public ceremony or ritual recognizing and making a transition from one group or status to another.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A system of belief in the supernatural.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Practices designed to gain control over the supernatural.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Deviation from social norms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sorcery is the performance of rites and spells to cause harm, while witchcraft uses psychic powers to harm others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Organized, symbolic behaviors intended to influence supernatural powers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A kind of religion specialists, often full-time, who officiates at rituals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Part-time religious specialists with informal training, often considered born to be supernatural.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A good or service is provided without an overt expectation for compensation, with the expectation of future reciprocation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>One party exploits the other party in a transaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Direct exchange of goods of equal value.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Surplus goods are given to a central authority that uses the goods for the benefit of society.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Use of a symbolic medium of exchange.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The process of integrating the world's peoples economically, socially, politically, and culturally into a single world system or community.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A named social group based on perceptions of shared ancestry, cultural traditions, and common history.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Any overt characteristics that can be used to indicate ethnic group membership.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The creation of a new ethnic group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An ethnic group that claims a right to a discrete homeland and to political autonomy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The enforced separation of ethnic groups, where the dominant ethnic group places legal restrictions on others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Formally recognize and support the ethnic and cultural differences in a population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A dependent subgroup within a larger nationality that lacks a discrete homeland.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Members of an ethnic community living outside their country of origin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Biological identity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Culturally constructed identity often rooted in behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Socially recognized transition from one gender category to another.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Occupation, cross-dressing, same-sex sexual activity, associated with supernatural powers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Degree to which males and females are unequal in various dimensions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Band (extended family), Tribe (independent political unit), Chiefdom (centralized authority), State (centralized multi-level unit).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Simple bands consist of little more than an extended family; composite bands consist of several extended families.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An independent political unit encompassing a number of distinct communities held together by sodalities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A centralized political system with authority vested in formal offices or titles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A centralized, multilevel political unit with bureaucratic governing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ability to convince people to act as suggested.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The recognized right of an individual to command another.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Political leaders who don’t occupy formal offices and whose leadership is based on influence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Formal institutions that unite geographically scattered groups.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mechanisms by which behavior is constrained to adhere to norms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Codified rules of conduct that are enforced with punishment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Informal legal systems in societies without centralized authority.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A method of dispute settlement involving multiple killings between kin groups.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Incipient Courts, Courts of Mediation, Courts of Regulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Court systems in which authorities meet informally to discuss issues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Court systems where judges attempt to reach compromise solutions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Court systems using codified laws with prescribed rights and duties.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Degree to which individuals or groups differ in access to rewards.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Forms of society with little inequality in access to rewards.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Societies with a limited number of high-ranking social positions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Society with largely heritable differences in access to wealth and power.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Groups in society receiving comparable levels of rewards.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stratification system where membership is in theory hereditary.</p> Signup and view all the answers