Anthropology and Psychology Theorists Quiz

It helps in resolving unconscious feelings that affect a patient's recovery.

Sociologists analyze how institutions like schools and media shape personal experiences and societal roles.

Cognitive therapy takes into account beliefs, motivations, and desires to understand and treat mental disorders.

<p>Paleoanthropology studies human evolution through fossils, helping to understand our biological history.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Melanin acts as a natural sunscreen, protecting skin from harmful UV radiation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Functional unity suggests that a culture is an integrated whole with interconnected parts. Cultural materialism emphasizes the influence of material conditions (like climate, food, and geography) on a culture's development. Material needs, like food, clothing, and shelter, shape a culture's practices, beliefs, and social structures. These practices, in turn, become interconnected and influence each other, reinforcing functional unity. For example, a culture living in a harsh climate might develop specialized tools and techniques for hunting and gathering, which would necessitate certain social roles and divisions of labor. This interplay between material needs and cultural adaptation contributes to the integrated and cohesive nature of a culture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>'Universal functions' suggest that every part of a culture serves a purpose, while postmodernism questions the idea of objective truth, suggesting that our understanding of reality is shaped by our own perspectives. This creates a dilemma for anthropologists, as they strive to understand other cultures objectively but are ultimately limited by their own experiences and biases. For example, if an anthropologist studies a culture that practices ritualistic sacrifice, they might interpret it through their own ethical framework, potentially misinterpreting its underlying meaning. The anthropologist's own cultural background and beliefs can influence their understanding, making it difficult to achieve complete objectivity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Behaviorism focuses on understanding and changing human behavior through scientifically-proven methods. Classical conditioning, a type of learning involving pairing a neutral stimulus with a conditioned stimulus, and operant conditioning, which uses rewards and punishments to achieve desired behavior, are both key components of behaviorism. These principles are fundamental to understanding how behaviors are learned, and they provide a framework for developing interventions to modify behaviors. For instance, in therapy, classical conditioning can be used to help individuals unlearn negative associations, while operant conditioning can be used to reinforce desired behaviors and reduce unwanted ones.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Feminist theory critiques traditional anthropological perspectives for often overlooking or minimizing the experiences and roles of women in different cultures. It challenges the notion of cultural universality by highlighting the differing experiences and power dynamics between men and women in various societies. By comparing cultures and analyzing gender roles, feminist theory sheds light on how power imbalances and social constructions of gender influence cultural practices and beliefs. It calls for a more inclusive and nuanced understanding of cultural diversity, recognizing that universal truths about cultures may not always apply universally to all members of those cultures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>While both cultural materialism and feminist theory offer valuable insights into cultural phenomena, they employ distinct approaches. Cultural materialism focuses on material conditions and their influence on cultural development, emphasizing the role of economic and environmental factors. Feminist theory, on the other hand, examines gender roles and power dynamics, highlighting how social constructions of gender shape cultural practices and beliefs. For example, a cultural practice like a specific division of labor could be interpreted by cultural materialism as being primarily driven by the availability of resources and the need for survival. Feminist theory, however, might focus on how this division of labor reinforces gender roles and power inequalities, perpetuating the subordination of women. These different perspectives provide complementary yet contrasting lenses for understanding the complexity and multifaceted nature of cultural practices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Unlocking the unconscious mind.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Ego operates on the reality principle, suppressing the Id's primal urges.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rationalization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The patient is very involved in recovery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To protect individuals from anxiety and unacceptable thoughts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He believed that teaching a child in a enriched environment using methods like flashcards and classical music could cultivate genius-level intellect.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It shows that human behavior is significantly shaped by primary agents of socialization, and being raised in an environment devoid of human interaction leads to atypical development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The experiment faced criticism for psychological harm and lack of informed consent, while assigned roles caused participants to adopt extreme behaviors reflecting power dynamics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Natural selection dictates that individuals with favorable variations are more likely to survive and reproduce, leading to gradual adaptation of the population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Variations among individuals create a pool of traits, and those that enhance survival are favored, ultimately contributing to evolutionary change over generations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Class conflict.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alienation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Efficacy or benefit.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Physical Anthropology.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Behaviourism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Durkheim showed that social factors, like integration and regulation, significantly influence suicide rates, rather than just individual issues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Parsons argued that people are driven by both self-interest and a desire for social cooperation and shared values.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Logotherapy emphasizes the search for meaning in life as the primary motivational force, rather than focusing on resolving past traumas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Parsons' ideas suggest that even negative aspects of society, such as discrimination, serve a purpose, which is controversial.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Durkheim used 'social facts,' such as values, norms, and social structures, to analyze how these external forces influence individual behaviors.</p> Signup and view all the answers