Anthrax and Zoonotic Diseases Quiz

<p>By handling infected animals or contaminated products. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They act as mechanical carriers of the bacteria. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It involves the formation of dark, dead tissue. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ingestion of contaminated meat. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cutaneous (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>White-footed mouse and white-tailed deer (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Arthritis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Wearing light-colored protective clothing and insect repellent (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cattle, sheep, and goats (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exposure to infected placenta and uterine discharge from livestock (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Controlling rat populations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bites from infected fleas (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Primarily the United States, but also in Canada, Mexico, and parts of Central and South America (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fever, headache, and a rash on the palms and soles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Controlling the tick population and preventing exposure to ticks (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A reddened area (macule) at the site of the tick bite, sometimes developing into a rash (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heart palpitations, musculoskeletal pain, and inflammation of the brain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pneumonic plague (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Restrict outdoor access for cats, administer flea control, and prevent cats from hunting wild rodents (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tick bites (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Immediately washing any cat-inflicted cuts or scratches with a disinfectant. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chlamydiosis (Psittacosis) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By inhaling dried bird feces that have been aerosolized. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Erysipelas (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Erysipeloid (Erysipelas) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Penicillin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Leptospirosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Leptospirosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Through contact with urine of infected animals. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Listeriosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>These signs are very similar to those of rabies. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Through the consumption of contaminated food. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The animal is full of highly infective bacteria and poses a risk to anyone who handles it. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ensuring that all food is properly cooked and milk products are pasteurized. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Through the bite of certain species of ticks. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Consuming only pasteurized milk and milk products and practicing proper hygiene when handling livestock. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Direct contact (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are common carriers of the bacteria, often without showing signs of illness. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When scratched by a cat or when a break in the skin is licked by a cat. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cutaneous anthrax presents with localized skin lesions, while pulmonary anthrax initially manifests as flu-like symptoms. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Immunocompromised individuals. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anthrax is easily treated with antibiotics if diagnosed early. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Culling infected animals from the herd. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Proper sanitation and hygiene practices. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A cyclical pattern of fever, sweating, malaise, and weight loss. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inhalation of a large number of anthrax spores. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It stimulates immunity, reducing the likelihood of infection and spread of brucellosis. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Flies (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cats suspected of transmitting CSD are usually healthy and are not necessarily infectious to all members of a household. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It causes the most serious infections in humans compared to other Brucella species. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To prevent recontamination of the cooked meat with bacteria. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pasteurization of milk and milk products. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stress or immunosuppression. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cooking eliminates potential bacterial contamination. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fecal contamination. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Direct contact. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To prevent bacterial entry and promote healing. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Eradication programs, cattle vaccination and pasteurization. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Avoiding tick and fly bites, proper cooking of meat, and safe handling of animals. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mycobacterium bacteria. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Constipation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are commonly found associated with humans, animals, and the environment. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bone and joint infections. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>6 months. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>145 °F for at least 5 minutes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It primarily affects the central nervous system. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To prevent the maturation of infective larvae transmitted by mosquitoes into adult heartworms. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By reducing the overall environmental contamination with parasite eggs. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The flea life cycle requires simultaneous treatment of the home, yard, and pets. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They shed a higher concentration of Toxocara eggs in their feces compared to adult animals. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Avoiding areas known to harbor the fungi, like bat caves and bird roosts. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>There is a significant chance of the infection being transmitted to the fetus, potentially causing congenital disease. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dipylidiasis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The larvae undergo molting and develop into the infective stage within the mosquito before being transmitted. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The bandages may harbor transmissible fungal elements. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Wearing shoes and practicing good hygiene. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Promoting regular deworming of pets and responsible disposal of animal feces. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dirofilaria immitis requires a mosquito vector, whereas Dipylidium caninum involves ingestion of infected fleas. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Consumption of raw or undercooked meat containing Toxoplasma cysts. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Semi-arid regions of the southwestern hemisphere. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mosquitoes are the intermediate host for the heartworm larvae, facilitating their development and transmission. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Educating pregnant women about avoiding potential sources of Toxoplasma infection. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To prevent larvae from developing and contaminating the environment. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sporotrichosis typically starts with a lesion at a skin/mucous membrane junction, while systemic mycoses often begin with flu-like symptoms. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In humans, the infection usually results in the formation of a lung nodule containing a single worm, while in dogs, the worms reside primarily in the heart. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Using appropriate fungicides (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Larvae can penetrate human skin, causing cutaneous larval migrans. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cryptococcosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Single primary lesion at a junction site of the skin and mucous membranes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By chewing fleas in their fur. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To mitigate the risk of herpes B virus transmission, which can cause severe neurological damage. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Humans have more frequent and close contact with domestic animals, increasing the likelihood of transmission if the animal is infected. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Site of viral entry, quantity of virus exposed to, strain of virus, and age of the victim. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To provide a baseline level of immunity against the rabies virus due to their increased risk of exposure. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To monitor the animal for the development of rabies symptoms, as a means of assessing the risk of rabies transmission. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fungi are more likely to invade and establish infections in individuals with compromised immune defenses. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prompt treatment of infected individuals, proper cleaning and disinfection of contaminated objects, and wearing gloves when handling infected animals. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The fungus grows outward in a radial pattern, causing inflammation and scaling at the edges. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Direct contact of the fungus with broken skin, often through thorns, splinters, or other puncture wounds. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>As a series of nodules along the lymphatic vessels, which may ulcerate and drain. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maintain a safe distance from wild animals, avoid contact with their saliva or brain tissue, and report any unusual animal behavior to local authorities. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They contribute to the classic symptom of hydrophobia, making it difficult or impossible for the animal to swallow. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rabies induces neurological changes that can lead to aggression, disorientation, and loss of fear of humans, increasing the likelihood of bites and transmission. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maintain a safe distance, avoid direct contact, and report the animal's behavior to local authorities or wildlife officials. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Wear gloves when handling animals, especially those with suspected skin lesions, and practice thorough hand hygiene with antifungal soap. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Systemic disease with high mortality. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The bacteria is ubiquitous with many vector hosts and animal reservoirs. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Knowledge of the disease, its symptoms, and transmission modes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The specific virus causing the infection. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They signal a potential outbreak in the human population. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Contact with rodent feces, urine, or saliva. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Controlling rodent populations and avoiding exposure. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Asymptomatic carrier state or oral lesions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Encephalomyelitis, often fatal or causing severe neurological damage. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It confers lifetime immunity after infection. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bird reservoirs that are often asymptomatic. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>New World hantaviruses cause respiratory failure, while Old World hantaviruses cause different symptoms. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>People handling non-human primates, such as laboratory personnel, researchers, and veterinarians. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Through mosquito bites. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can be a symptom of severe clinical illness caused by encephalitis viruses. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A disease that can be transmitted from animals to humans.

Includes bacterial, viral, fungal, and parasitic infections.

Zoonoses can be transmitted directly or through vectors like ticks and mosquitoes.

People with weakened immune systems are at higher risk for zoonotic diseases.

A bacterial disease caused by Bacillus anthracis, affecting mammals, especially ruminants.

Three forms: cutaneous, intestinal, and pulmonary; cutaneous is the most common.

Initial symptoms resemble an insect bite, leading to a vesicle and black necrotic eschar.

25 to 50% of those infected will die without treatment.

A severe form of anthrax affecting the lungs, caused by inhaling spores.

Almost 100% death rate if not treated early.

A disease caused by Brucella, infecting humans through contact with infected animals.

The human form of brucellosis characterized by recurring fever.

Brucellosis strain affecting cattle, highly transmissible to humans.

Involves vaccination and surveillance to prevent the disease in livestock.

Brucellosis can be contracted via contact with infected tissues or unpasteurized milk.

A common zoonosis caused by Campylobacter jejuni, leading to gastrointestinal illness.

Causes abdominal discomfort followed by diarrhea and fever.

They don’t shorten the infection but may reduce shedding of the bacteria.

Infection from Bartonella henselae after being scratched or licked by a cat.

Usually benign, but can be serious in immuno-compromised individuals.

Practice good hygiene and consume only pasteurized products.

Requires protective clothing and proper hygiene to prevent disease spread.

Bartonella henselae is often carried by healthy cats.

Salmonella is mainly transmitted through contaminated food, primarily from fecal matter.

Raw eggs may contain Salmonella bacteria before they are laid.

Profuse watery diarrhea, fever, nausea, and/or vomiting occur after a Salmonella infection.

Salmonella symptoms typically appear 6 to 72 hours after infection.

Infected hosts can shed Salmonella bacteria in their feces for days to weeks after infection.

Prevent salmonellosis by cooking foods, especially eggs, and practicing good hygiene.

The main Streptococcus linked to human diseases, causing 'strep throat'.

A primary cause of staph infections; found on skin and mucous membranes of humans and animals.

Includes food poisoning; symptoms appear 30 minutes to 8 hours after eating contaminated food.

Caused by Mycobacterium; primarily affects humans through M. tuberculosis.

Caused by M. bovis; can transmit from infected cattle to humans.

Prevent transmission through pasteurization of milk and vaccination of cattle.

Caused by Francisella tularensis; transmitted by contact with infected animals or bites from infected vectors.

Average incubation of 3 days; symptoms include high fever, chills, and muscle pain.

Involves transmission of diseases between animals and humans, including many bacterial infections.

The primary reservoirs for Lyme disease are the white-footed mouse and white-tailed deer.

Clinical signs in animals include fever, lethargy, arthritis, and stiffness.

In 75% of adults and 50% of children, a macule develops at the tick bite site.

The disease progresses through three stages with various symptoms.

Stage two may include heart palpitations and encephalitis, lasting 3 days to 6 weeks.

Preventing Lyme disease involves using insect repellent and wearing protective clothing.

Q fever is commonly sourced from cattle, sheep, and goats infecting humans.

Humans may experience fever, chills, headache, and weakness when infected with Q fever.

Plague is transmitted to humans through infected fleas or contact with infected animals.

Symptoms include fever and swollen lymph nodes, referred to as buboes.

RMSF is a tick-borne disease caused by Rickettsia rickettsii, affecting primarily the US.

Humans develop fever, headache, and rash on palms and soles after a tick bite.

Reduce RMSF risk by wearing protective clothing and using insect repellent.

Salmonellosis is caused by various Salmonella serovars, affecting humans predominantly.

Salmonella typhimurium and Senteritidis are the most common types affecting humans.

A disease primarily affecting parrots and other birds, caused by Chlamydophila psittaci.

The human form of chlamydiosis, with symptoms like fever and cough.

Infection occurs mainly through inhaling aerosolized bird feces.

A disease caused by Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, primarily affecting swine.

Human infection by Erysipelothrix, contracted through contact with infected animals.

A zoonotic disease caused by Leptospira species, affecting various animals and humans.

Includes headache, fever, muscle pain, and jaundice in humans.

A disease caused by Listeria monocytogenes, primarily from contaminated food.

May include fever, incoordination, and intestinal infection.

Involves proper food cooking and hygiene when handling animals.

A zoonotic disease caused by Borrelia burgdorferi, transmitted by ticks.

Includes fever and susceptibility to infections.

Control and detect infected birds to prevent transmission.

Can lead to severe disease affecting heart, brain, or circulation.

Includes careful handling of monkeys, protective clothing, and using tranquilizers.

Caused by a rhabdovirus, primarily transmitted through saliva via bites.

Varies from 9 days to 2 years depending on the exposure circumstances.

Include anxiety, pain, hyperactivity, aerophobia, and convulsions.

Include loss of fear in wild animals and unusual aggression in pets.

Controls and prevents the spread of rabies in pets like dogs and cats.

Recommended for people working closely with animals.

Caused by dermatophytes, affecting skin, hair, and nails.

Occurs via direct contact with infected animals or contaminated items.

Typically lasts 1 to 2 weeks before symptoms appear.

Caused by the fungus Sporothrix schenckii, affecting humans and animals.

Starts with firm pink nodules that turn purple, black, and may ulcerate.

Develops nodules that drain into the lymphatic system.

Infected individuals should consult a physician for management.

Use gloves and clean all tools that contact infected animals.

Larval stage of heartworm transmitted by mosquitoes.

Disease in humans from accidental infection with D. immitis.

Disease caused by migrating intestinal roundworm larvae in humans.

Intestinal roundworm of dogs that can infect humans.

Disease caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, often from cats.

Infectious form of Toxoplasma passed in cat feces.

Disease in fetus from maternal Toxoplasma infection during pregnancy.

Occurs through ingestion of oocysts or contaminated meat.

Includes good hygiene and deworming pets.

Using preventive medications for dogs and cats during mosquito season.

Untreated cases of tularemia have a mortality rate of 5 to 7%.

Infection with F.tularensis confers lifetime immunity against tularemia.

Rodents and wild lagomorphs show the highest mortality rates from tularemia.

Best prevention is knowledge of symptoms and mode of transmission.

An inflammation of the brain often caused by mosquito-borne viruses.

A severe form of encephalitis found in the eastern U.S. often involving high mortality.

Transmitted through rodent droppings, urine, saliva, or contaminated food/water.

Initial flu-like symptoms followed by respiratory failure and possible death.

A serious disease that affects non-human primates but rarely infects humans.

Occurs through bites, scratches, or exposure to contaminated monkey saliva.

Includes fever, headaches, and may lead to serious neurological effects.

Animal reservoirs and vectors make controlling diseases like tularemia challenging.

Wear protective clothing and eliminate mosquito breeding grounds.

Symptoms in horses include fever, incoordination, and sometimes death.

Infection with a primary lesion at skin and mucous membrane junctions.

A form of sporotrichosis that spreads throughout the body.

Sporotrichosis that infects the lungs.

Chemicals effective for controlling sporotrichosis.

Diseases caused by fungi affecting the whole body.

Fungus causing coccidioidomycosis, found in semi-arid regions.

Fungus causing histoplasmosis, endemic in eastern U.S.

Fungus affecting the southeastern U.S., causing blastomycosis.

Worldwide fungus causing cryptococcosis, affecting the CNS.

Disease caused by hookworm larvae infection in humans.

Tapeworm infection caused by Dipylidium caninum from fleas.

Heartworm disease caused by Dirofilaria immitis in dogs.

Initial flu-like symptoms from fungal infections.

Avoid areas with known sources of fungi, like caves.

Infection occurs through open wounds contaminated by pets.