Anterior Pituitary Hormones Overview

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Questions and Answers

Which hormone stimulates the thyroid gland?

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Thyrotropin (TSH) (correct)

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

What is the primary function of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)?

Stimulate the thyroid gland

Promote follicle development

Inhibit prolactin release

Stimulate the adrenal cortex (correct)

Which hormone is regulated by the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)?

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) (correct)

Somatotrop hormone (STH)

Prolactin

Thyrotropin (TSH)

Which hormone promotes mammary gland development?

Prolactin Signup and view all the answers

What effect does somatotrop hormone (STH) have on the body?

Promotes bone and cartilage growth Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Growth Hormone (GH) related to protein?

Increases protein synthesis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following actions is NOT associated with Growth Hormone?

Increase in glucose utilization Signup and view all the answers

How does Growth Hormone affect lactation?

It enhances lactation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a result of Growth Hormone's action?

Increased synthesis of proteins Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between GH and lipolysis?

GH stimulates lipolysis Signup and view all the answers

What physical changes can occur in patients due to growth hormone dysregulation?

Prognathism and elongated facial features Signup and view all the answers

How does growth hormone levels change with aging?

It decreases significantly compared to adolescence Signup and view all the answers

What happens to soft tissue growth as a result of elevated growth hormone levels?

It causes features to become more pronounced and coarser Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of growth hormone remains in elderly individuals compared to adolescents?

25% Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic feature of growth hormone excess?

Enlargement of hands and feet Signup and view all the answers

Which bone structure primarily exhibits noticeable growth during expansion?

Membranous bones Signup and view all the answers

How much can the mandible (lower jaw) protrude as a result of growth?

1.25 cm Signup and view all the answers

What condition is primarily caused by decreased secretion from the pituitary gland during childhood?

Dwarfism Signup and view all the answers

What change in the spine may occur due to growth conditions?

Kyphosis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organs may exhibit excessive growth due to expansion?

Liver Signup and view all the answers

What happens to water reabsorption in the kidneys when there is a deficiency of ADH?

Water reabsorption decreases, leading to increased water loss. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the physiological role of ADH?

Reduces water loss by decreasing kidney urination. Signup and view all the answers

What concentration of ADH is considered to have a physiological effect on the kidneys?

2 nanograms or less Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of kidneys' collecting ducts and tubules becoming impermeable to water in the absence of ADH?

Low urine concentration leading to increased dilution. Signup and view all the answers

What effect does an injection of ADH have at very low doses?

It leads to a significant decrease in water excretion. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Anterior Pituitary Hormones

Hormones and their regulatory hormones
- Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH): regulated by Thyroid Releasing Factor (TRF)
- Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH): regulated by Corticotropin Releasing Factor (CRF)
- Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH): regulated by Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH)
- Luteinizing Hormone (LH): regulated by GnRH
- Prolactin: regulated by Prolactin Releasing Factor (PRF) and Prolactin Inhibiting Factor (PIF) which is dopamine
- All hormones have their target organs that they affect.

Anterior Pituitary Hormones Not Covered

Somatotropin Hormone (STH)
- Also known as Somatotropin, Growth Hormone (GH)
- Regulated by Growth Releasing Factor (GRF) and Somatostatin (GIF)
- Effects:
  - bone and cartilage growth
  - increased amino acid transport
  - increased protein synthesis
  - inhibited protein breakdown
  - increased lipolysis and lactation
  - prevents glucose utilization
  - increases lactation
- Pathology
  - Increased levels: leads to prognathism (protruding jaw) due to frontal sinus and jaw growth, also causes acromegaly (enlarged features, hands and feet) due to soft tissue growth
  - Decreased levels: leads to dwarfism in childhood due to decreased pituitary function
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
- Effects:
  - Small amounts (less than 2 nanograms) can decrease water excretion from the kidneys.
  - Without ADH, the collecting tubules and ducts become almost impermeable to water, which prevents water reabsorption and leads to increased water loss in urine, resulting in dilute urine.

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Description

This quiz covers the key hormones produced by the anterior pituitary gland, their regulatory hormones, and their target organs. Learn about hormones such as TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH, and Prolactin, along with their regulatory mechanisms. Test your understanding of hormonal functions and their effects on the body.