Anterior Leg & Foot Anatomy Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary action of the Extensor Digitorum Longus (EDL)?

Eversion of the foot

Flexion of the toes

Dorsiflexion of the ankle joint and extension of the lesser toe phalanges (correct)

Stabilization of the ankle joint

Where does the anterior tibial artery enter the anterior compartment of the leg?

Alongside the superficial peroneal nerve

Through an opening in the interosseous membrane (correct)

Through the inferior extensor retinaculum

Directly from the popliteal artery

Which structure is primarily responsible for preventing long tendons from bowstringing over the ankle joint?

Deep fascia of the leg

Retinacula (correct)

Interosseous membrane

Extensor hood

What is the innervation of the Peroneus Tertius muscle?

Deep peroneal nerve Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the function of long flexors/extensors as compared to short flexors/extensors?

Long flexors/extensors insert into the distal phalanx and affect the distal interphalangeal joint (DIPJ) Signup and view all the answers

What structure is primarily responsible for protecting and supporting the medial tendons, vessels, and nerves in the foot?

Flexor retinacula Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve primarily innervates the muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg?

Deep peroneal nerve Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the relationship of the inferior peroneal retinaculum?

It is continuous with the inferior extensor retinaculum. Signup and view all the answers

What defines a dermatome in the context of nerve supply?

The area of skin supplied by a single spinal nerve. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly characterizes intrinsic muscles of the foot?

They have both origin and insertion within parts of the foot. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the tibialis anterior muscle?

Dorsiflexion of the ankle Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the fibula is correct?

The lateral malleolus forms part of the ankle joint Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following motions occurs in the frontal plane?

Inversion Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is NOT located in the anterior compartment of the leg?

Tibialis posterior Signup and view all the answers

What structure connects the interosseous borders of the tibia and fibula?

Interosseous membrane Signup and view all the answers

What is a likely consequence of weak tibialis anterior muscle?

Foot drop Signup and view all the answers

How many compartments are there in the leg, and what is true for each?

Three compartments each with distinct muscles and blood supply Signup and view all the answers

What is the insertion point for the extensor hallucis longus muscle?

Dorsal surface of base of distal phalanx of the hallux Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action of the Peroneus Longus muscle?

Everts and stabilizes the foot Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve provides sensory innervation to the lateral side of the 5th toe?

Sural nerve Signup and view all the answers

Which artery is a continuation of the anterior tibial artery and supplies the dorsal foot?

Dorsalis pedis artery Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the deep peroneal nerve?

Supplies the 1st and 2nd toe web Signup and view all the answers

The Superficial peroneal nerve primarily provides innervation to which part of the leg?

Lateral compartment of the leg Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary venous drainage of the foot through the dorsal venous arch?

Drains into the small and great saphenous veins Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is responsible for extending the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th toes?

Extensor digitorum brevis Signup and view all the answers

Which artery branches into the lateral tarsal artery and arcuate artery?

Dorsalis pedis artery Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Peroneus Brevis muscle?

Everts the foot about the STJ Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve branches off the common peroneal nerve to supply sensory innervation to the lower part of the anterior leg?

Superficial peroneal nerve Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Anterior Leg, Dorsum of Foot & Lateral Leg

The study session covers the anterior leg, dorsum of the foot, and lateral leg.
The outline includes: Tibia & fibula osteology, anterior compartment of the leg, dorsum of the foot, lateral compartment of the leg, and surface anatomy session.
Foot motion occurs in the sagittal plane (dorsiflexion and plantarflexion), frontal plane (inversion and eversion), and transverse plane (abduction and adduction). Triplanar motion includes pronation and supination.
Osteology and surface anatomy cover the tibia, fibula, and foot bones.
The tibia is the largest leg bone.
The proximal end of the tibia articulates with the femur, and the distal end is known as the medial malleolus (part of the ankle joint).
Proximal end features medial/lateral condyles and tibial tuberosity.
The triangular shaft has anterior, medial, and interosseous borders.
The fibula is the lateral leg bone.
Fibula features a head (common peroneal nerve), shaft, lateral malleolus (ankle joint), and a syndesmosis at the lower end that joins to the tibia.
The fibula's shaft has three surfaces: anterior/extensor, lateral/peroneal, and posterior/flexor.
The lecture notes cover the following muscles: tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus, and peroneus tertius.
The leg's anterior compartment contains these muscles.
The lateral compartment contains peroneus longus and peroneus brevis.
The anterior compartment is supplied by the anterior tibial artery, which branches from the popliteal artery, making its way through the interosseous membrane. The deep peroneal nerve accompanies the artery. The artery becomes the dorsalis pedis artery, located in front of the ankle joint.
The superficial peroneal nerve serves the lateral compartment muscles. It branches off of the common peroneal nerve.
The flexor retinacula is a fibrous band, and the peroneal retinacula are on the lateral side, protecting lateral tendons, vessels, and the nerve.
Extensor digitorum brevis originates at the anterior dorsal calcaneus. It inserts into the base of phalanges of the 2nd to 4th toes.
Peroneus tertius is related to the EDL and originates and inserts on the fibula, and has a function of everting (pronating) the foot.
The dorsum of the foot has dorsal venous arch, which collects blood from the foot's digital veins and communicating veins. It drains in to the great and small saphenous veins.
The dorsalis pedis artery is a continuation of the anterior tibial. It passes through the sole of the foot, between metatarsals, and then branches into lateral tarsal, arcuate, and dorsal digital arteries.

Compartments of the Leg

The leg has three compartments: anterior, lateral, and posterior.
Each compartment has its own muscles, blood supply, and nerve supply.
The interosseous membrane connects the interosseous border of the tibia and fibula.

Digital Musculature

Long flexors/extensors insert into the distal phalanx and produce movement at the distal interphalangeal joint (DIPJ).
Short flexors/extensors insert into the intermediate phalanx and produce movement at the proximal interphalangeal joint (PIPJ).

Retinacula

Retinacula are important deep fascia around the ankle joint, holding long tendons in place.
The superior extensor retinaculum consists of the anterior borders of the fibula and tibia.
The inferior extensor retinaculum is a Y-shaped band between the calcaneus, tibia and plantar aponeurosis.

Nerves of the Anterior Compartment of the Leg

The deep peroneal nerve is a branch of the common peroneal nerve that gives muscular branches to tibialis anterior, EDL, peroneus tertius, and EHL.
It runs behind the extensor retinacula.

Dermatomes

Dermatomes are areas of skin that are supplied by a single spinal nerve.

Cutaneous Nerve Distribution of the Lower Extremity

This section details specific cutaneous nerves for the lower extremity (lateral sural, femoral cutaneous, posterior femoral, etc.).

Dorsum of Foot

The dorsum is less complicated than the plantar aspect. Skin is thinner.
Extrinsic foot muscles originate outside the foot and insert into parts of the foot.
Intrinsic foot muscles originate and insert within the foot.

Dorsal Nerve Supply

Sensory nerve supply: superficial peroneal nerve assists with sensation.
Deep peroneal nerve supplies the 1st and 2nd toe web.
Saphenous nerve: medial foot (to the head of the 1st MTPJ).
Sural nerve: lateral foot and lateral 5th toe.

Dorsal Venous Arch

Lies in the subcutaneous tissue over the metatarsal heads.
Drains into the great saphenous (medially) and small saphenous (laterally) veins.
Important for blood drainage from the foot.

Dorsalis Pedis Artery

Continuation of the anterior tibial artery.
Passes deep into the sole between the first and second metatarsals.
Joins the lateral plantar artery.
Usually easily palpated superficially.
Branches into lateral tarsal, arcuate, and first dorsal metatarsal arteries.

Lateral Compartment of the Leg

Contents: peroneus longus, peroneus brevis muscles.
Blood supply: branches of the peroneal artery.
Nerve supply: superficial peroneal nerve.

Peroneus Longus

Origin/insertion: upper 2/3rds of lateral fibula and intermuscular septa.
Passes behind the lateral malleolus and under the cuboid.
Inserts into the 1st MT and medial cuneiform.
Innervation from the superficial peroneal nerve.
Action: eversion (pronation), foot flexion, and stabilizes the 1st ray and forefoot.

Peroneus Brevis

Origin/insertion: lower 2/3rds of lateral fibula and intermuscular septa.
Inserts into the base of the 5th metatarsal.
Innervation: superficial peroneal nerve.
Action: eversion (pronation), movement about STJ, and oblique axis of MTJ.

Surface Anatomy

Structures to mark/observe: patella, tibial tuberosity, lateral collateral ligament, head of fibula; anterior crest of tibia, lateral malleolus, medial malleolus.
Styloid process, 1-5 MTPJs (dorsally and plantarly), navicular tuberosity, and insertion point of tendo achilles.
Palpate dorsalis pedis pulse.
Muscle testing of anterior and lateral leg compartments.

Questions?

A question-and-answer section for the lecture is present.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the anatomy of the anterior leg, dorsum of the foot, and lateral leg. This quiz covers key topics such as the osteology of the tibia and fibula, compartments of the leg, and surface anatomy. Understand foot motions and their anatomical implications as part of your learning process.