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Questions and Answers
What is the primary action of the Peroneus Longus and Peroneus Brevis muscles?
What is the primary action of the Peroneus Longus and Peroneus Brevis muscles?
Which artery supplies the anterior compartment of the leg?
Which artery supplies the anterior compartment of the leg?
Where does the Peroneus Longus muscle originate?
Where does the Peroneus Longus muscle originate?
Which muscle is deeper, the Peroneus Longus or the Peroneus Brevis?
Which muscle is deeper, the Peroneus Longus or the Peroneus Brevis?
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What does the Dorsalis Pedis artery become as it moves into the foot?
What does the Dorsalis Pedis artery become as it moves into the foot?
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Which structure serves as a pulley for the Peroneus Longus and Peroneus Brevis muscles?
Which structure serves as a pulley for the Peroneus Longus and Peroneus Brevis muscles?
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What is the fate of the Dorsalis Pedis artery after giving off its branches?
What is the fate of the Dorsalis Pedis artery after giving off its branches?
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Which muscles are located on the dorsum of the foot?
Which muscles are located on the dorsum of the foot?
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What supplies the lateral compartment of the leg?
What supplies the lateral compartment of the leg?
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How do the metatarsal arteries connect to the plantar arch?
How do the metatarsal arteries connect to the plantar arch?
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Which muscle is NOT part of the anterior compartment of the leg?
Which muscle is NOT part of the anterior compartment of the leg?
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What is the primary action of the muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg?
What is the primary action of the muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg?
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Which nerve supplies the lateral compartment of the leg?
Which nerve supplies the lateral compartment of the leg?
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The Extensor Retinacula serves the purpose of binding which structures?
The Extensor Retinacula serves the purpose of binding which structures?
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Which muscle contributes to extending the great toe?
Which muscle contributes to extending the great toe?
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What is the origin of the Extensor Hallicis Longus muscle?
What is the origin of the Extensor Hallicis Longus muscle?
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Which of the following is a characteristic of the Peroneous Tertius muscle?
Which of the following is a characteristic of the Peroneous Tertius muscle?
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Which compartment contains muscles that primarily assist in eversion of the foot?
Which compartment contains muscles that primarily assist in eversion of the foot?
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The Tibialis Anterior muscle primarily contributes to which movement?
The Tibialis Anterior muscle primarily contributes to which movement?
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How many main muscles are present in the anterior compartment of the leg?
How many main muscles are present in the anterior compartment of the leg?
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Which muscle acts as a significant dorsiflexor but is often absent in some individuals?
Which muscle acts as a significant dorsiflexor but is often absent in some individuals?
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The common peroneal nerve branches into which two primary nerves?
The common peroneal nerve branches into which two primary nerves?
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What is the role of the deep peroneal nerve?
What is the role of the deep peroneal nerve?
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Study Notes
Anterior & Lateral Compartments of the Leg
- The leg is divided into three compartments by intermuscular septa, interosseous membrane, and bones.
- These compartments include: Anterior, Lateral, and Posterior.
- The muscles within each compartment share common functions and innervations.
Nerves Supply of Leg - From Sciatic Nerve
- The tibial nerve (purple) supplies the posterior compartment of the leg and sole of the foot.
- The common peroneal nerve divides into superficial and deep branches.
- The superficial peroneal nerve (blue) supplies the lateral compartment.
- The deep peroneal nerve (green) supplies the anterior compartment.
Muscles of the Anterior Compartment
- Key principles: muscles pass over the ankle joint, therefore are dorsiflexors.
- The long extensor muscles pass along the dorsal aspect of the toes.
- Deep peroneal nerve supplies dorsiflexors and toe extensors.
- Four muscles include: Tibialis Anterior, Extensor Hallucis Longus, Extensor Digitorum Longus, Peroneus (Fibularis) Longus.
- Kick motion THUd (medial to lateral).
Muscles of the Lateral Compartment
- Key principles: muscles pass lateral to the ankle joint.
- Thus, they evert the foot (pull the foot outwards).
- Superficial Peroneal Nerve supplies the muscles.
- Muscles: Peroneus Longus, Peroneus Brevis, Fibularis Tertius.
Tibialis Anterior
- Origin: Lateral condyle & superior half of lateral tibia & Interosseous membrane.
- Insertion: Medial & Inferior surface of medial cuneiform & 1st metatarsal.
- Action: Dorsiflexion and inversion of the foot.
Extensor Hallucis Longus
- Origin: Middle part of anterior surface of fibula & Interosseous membrane.
- Insertion: Dorsal aspect of base of distal phalanx of great toe.
- Action: Extends great toe (helps dorsiflexion of ankle).
Extensor Digitorum Longus
- Origin: Lateral condyle of the tibia & superior 3/4 of the medial surface of the fibula and interosseous membrane.
- Insertion: Middle & Distal phalanges of lateral 4 digits (extensor expansion).
- Action: Extends lateral 4 digits (helps dorsiflexion of ankle).
Peroneous Tertius
- A separated part of Extensor Digitorum Longus.
- Shares its origin and more distal fibers along the fibula.
- Insertion: 5th metatarsal (not a phalanx).
- Often absent.
Extensor Retinacula
- The deep fascia of the leg is called crural fascia.
- Two thickenings bind the tendons of the muscles before and after the ankle joint.
- Superior and inferior extensor retinaculum.
Blood Supply - Anterior Compartment
- Anterior tibial artery supplies the anterior compartment.
- A branch of the popliteal artery, it passes anteriorly through a gap in the interosseous membrane and descends (joined by the deep peroneal nerve).
- The neurovascular bundle (Nerve & Blood Vessels) has different characteristics.
Blood Supply - Lateral Compartment
- The lateral compartment does not have its own blood supply.
- Perforating arteries supply this compartment.
- Proximally - perforating arteries of anterior tibial artery.
- Distally - perforating arteries of peroneal (fibular) artery.
Dorsum of Foot - Blood Supply
- At the ankle joint, the Anterior Tibial Artery changes name to the Dorsalis Pedis muscle.
- The Extensor Hallucis Longus tendon crosses the Dorsalis Pedis.
- On the dorsum, the Dorsalis Pedis is located between the Extensor Hallucis Longus and the Extensor Digitorum Longus Tendons.
Dorsum of Foot - Blood Supply (Detail)
- Dorsalis Pedis enters the first interosseous space and divides into deep plantar artery and 1st dorsal metatarsal artery.
- Deep Planter artery anastomoses with lateral plantar artery to form deep planter arch.
- Dorsalis Pedis gives off branches: Lateral tarsal artery and arcuate artery.
- These arteries anastomose to form an arterial loop, which further divide to give off dorsal digital arteries.
- The metatarsal arteries are connected to the planter arch & plantar metatarsal arteries via perforating arteries.
Dissection Time
- Steps involve removing the skin over the leg, identifying anterior and lateral compartment muscles, locating the Neurovascular bundle (NVB) and continuing dissection over the dorsum of the foot, and locating the dorsalis pedis.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the anatomy of the anterior and lateral compartments of the leg, including their functions, muscles, and nerve supply. Understand the role of the sciatic nerve and its branches in innervating these compartments. This quiz is essential for students studying anatomy in health and medical fields.
