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Questions and Answers
The gestational age is calculated by adding 10 days to the last menstrual period.
The gestational age is calculated by adding 10 days to the last menstrual period.
False
A complete urine analysis is performed to screen for bacteruria during the first antenatal visit.
A complete urine analysis is performed to screen for bacteruria during the first antenatal visit.
True
An Echocardiogram is performed on all patients during the first antenatal visit.
An Echocardiogram is performed on all patients during the first antenatal visit.
False
Fundal height assessment is not necessary during the initial antenatal visit.
Fundal height assessment is not necessary during the initial antenatal visit.
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Lab tests include Blood Group and Rh-type, but not Full Blood Count.
Lab tests include Blood Group and Rh-type, but not Full Blood Count.
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Low-risk patients are seen every week until delivery.
Low-risk patients are seen every week until delivery.
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Medical history includes only hypertension and diabetes.
Medical history includes only hypertension and diabetes.
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High-risk patients are seen by their corresponding specialist physician during the initial antenatal visit.
High-risk patients are seen by their corresponding specialist physician during the initial antenatal visit.
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A pregnant woman requires 2000 Calories per day.
A pregnant woman requires 2000 Calories per day.
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The recommended daily intake of protein for a pregnant woman is 2-3 grams per kilogram.
The recommended daily intake of protein for a pregnant woman is 2-3 grams per kilogram.
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A pregnant woman should consume carbohydrates freely to gain weight.
A pregnant woman should consume carbohydrates freely to gain weight.
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Pregnant women are recommended to take calcium supplements.
Pregnant women are recommended to take calcium supplements.
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Folic acid supplementation is not necessary for pregnant women at high risk of Neural Tube Defects (NTDs).
Folic acid supplementation is not necessary for pregnant women at high risk of Neural Tube Defects (NTDs).
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Pregnant women should avoid travelling by air to prevent thromboembolism.
Pregnant women should avoid travelling by air to prevent thromboembolism.
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Pregnant women should avoid physical activity to prevent complications.
Pregnant women should avoid physical activity to prevent complications.
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Smoking is allowed in moderation during pregnancy.
Smoking is allowed in moderation during pregnancy.
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The term 'Antenatal' refers to the period after delivery.
The term 'Antenatal' refers to the period after delivery.
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The goal of Antenatal Care is to ensure the safety of the mother only.
The goal of Antenatal Care is to ensure the safety of the mother only.
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The estimation of gestational age is not an objective of Antenatal Care.
The estimation of gestational age is not an objective of Antenatal Care.
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The antenatal card is filled for every woman on her second visit.
The antenatal card is filled for every woman on her second visit.
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The patient education and instructions are not included in the elements of Antenatal Care.
The patient education and instructions are not included in the elements of Antenatal Care.
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The plan for delivery is not discussed with the patient during Antenatal Care.
The plan for delivery is not discussed with the patient during Antenatal Care.
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Reassurance is not an element of Antenatal Care.
Reassurance is not an element of Antenatal Care.
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The Antenatal Care program starts from the time of labor.
The Antenatal Care program starts from the time of labor.
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Live attenuated vaccines are recommended for pregnant women.
Live attenuated vaccines are recommended for pregnant women.
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Tub baths are recommended for relaxation during pregnancy.
Tub baths are recommended for relaxation during pregnancy.
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A full blood count is repeated at 28-30 weeks of gestation for all patients.
A full blood count is repeated at 28-30 weeks of gestation for all patients.
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Urine culture is performed on all patients during the initial antenatal visit.
Urine culture is performed on all patients during the initial antenatal visit.
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Ultrasound is performed at 20-24 weeks of gestation for anomaly screening.
Ultrasound is performed at 20-24 weeks of gestation for anomaly screening.
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A detailed anomaly scan is performed at 28-30 weeks of gestation.
A detailed anomaly scan is performed at 28-30 weeks of gestation.
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Morning sickness is characterized by a sensation of nausea with or without vomiting which may be more evident in the evening.
Morning sickness is characterized by a sensation of nausea with or without vomiting which may be more evident in the evening.
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A repeat scan for growth pattern and placental localization is performed at 36-38 weeks of gestation.
A repeat scan for growth pattern and placental localization is performed at 36-38 weeks of gestation.
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Antacids and allowing 2 hours between meals and sleeps are used to manage breast tenderness during pregnancy.
Antacids and allowing 2 hours between meals and sleeps are used to manage breast tenderness during pregnancy.
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Sudden gush of fluid is not a warning sign during pregnancy.
Sudden gush of fluid is not a warning sign during pregnancy.
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Urinary symptoms and excessive vaginal discharge are common complaints during pregnancy.
Urinary symptoms and excessive vaginal discharge are common complaints during pregnancy.
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Wearing high heels and tight clothes can help alleviate backache during pregnancy.
Wearing high heels and tight clothes can help alleviate backache during pregnancy.
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A women's health physiotherapist plays a role in educating pregnant women on ergonomic back-care and stress control.
A women's health physiotherapist plays a role in educating pregnant women on ergonomic back-care and stress control.
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The introduction of pelvic floor exercises is not recommended during antenatal care.
The introduction of pelvic floor exercises is not recommended during antenatal care.
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A diet rich in fruits and vegetables can help alleviate haemorrhoids during pregnancy.
A diet rich in fruits and vegetables can help alleviate haemorrhoids during pregnancy.
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Paracetamol is not recommended for managing headaches during pregnancy.
Paracetamol is not recommended for managing headaches during pregnancy.
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Study Notes
Antenatal Care
- Antenatal care (ANC) is a healthcare program for pregnant women from confirmation of pregnancy until the onset of labor.
- The goal of ANC is to ensure the safety of both the mother and the fetus.
Objectives of Antenatal Care
- Ensure a healthy mother and newborn
- Estimate gestational age and expected date of delivery
- Identify high-risk pregnancies
- Detect and treat diseases during pregnancy
- Detect congenital fetal malformations
- Educate patients and prepare them for childbirth
Elements of Antenatal Care
- History taking
- Physical examination
- Investigations (routine and screening tests)
- Plan schedule for return visits
- Instructions and advice
- Reassurance
- Plan for delivery
- Documentation
The Booking Visit (1st Antenatal Visit)
- History taking:
- Menstrual history to identify last menstrual period (LMP) and estimate gestational age (GA)
- Obstetric history
- Medical history
- Surgical history
- Family history
- Physical examination:
- General: weight, height, and BMI
- Blood pressure
- Abdominal examination
- Vaginal examination (if necessary)
- Fundal level assessment
- Investigations:
- Ultrasound scan to confirm viability, dates, and identify multiple pregnancy (ideally at 8-12 weeks)
- Laboratory tests:
- Full blood count
- Blood group and Rh-type (Anti-D antibodies if Rh-negative)
- Complete urine analysis and urine culture
Schedule of Antenatal Visits
- Low-risk patients:
- Every 4 weeks until 28 weeks
- Every 2 weeks between 28 and 36 weeks
- Every week after 36 weeks until delivery
- High-risk patients:
- Seen more frequently according to their condition and jointly with the corresponding specialist physician
Instructions for Patients
- Nutrition:
- Calories: same as non-pregnant women (2500 Calorie/day)
- Protein: 1-2 g/kg/day (animal and plant sources)
- Carbohydrates: restricted to avoid unnecessary weight gain
- Fats: accompanying animal proteins are enough
- Calcium: 1.5-2 g/day (milk and milk products)
- Iron: 30 mg/day (needs supplementation by the third month)
- Folic acid: 400 mcg/day (except for high-risk patients for NTD: 5mg/day)
- Weight gain: 10-12 kg during pregnancy
- Dental care: encouraged, with routine check-ups and antibiotic cover
- Breast care: panthenol cream for cracked nipples and soft, light brassiere for breast heaviness
- Exercise: no restrictions except for vaginal bleeding or ruptured membranes
- Traveling: allowed, but with precautions for thromboembolism for long flights
- Immunization: live attenuated vaccines are contraindicated
Subsequent Visits
- History taking: any new problems and worries, satisfactory fetal movement
- Examination:
- Weight: checking proper weight gain
- Blood pressure measurement
- Abdominal palpation for uterine size and fetal growth
- Abdominal palpation for fetal lie and presentation
- Investigations:
- Routine follow-up investigations
- Laboratory tests: full blood count repeated at 28-30 weeks (and at 36 weeks if anemic)
Warning Signs During Pregnancy
- Refer to a doctor if experiencing:
- Vaginal bleeding
- Sudden gush of fluid (liquor amnii)
- Severe persistent headache
- Blurring of vision
- Persistent vomiting
- Abdominal pain
- Swelling of lower limbs, face, or fingers
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Description
This quiz covers the definitions and concepts related to antenatal care, including terms such as ante, natal, miscarriage, live birth, and stillbirth. It's essential for understanding the healthcare program for expectant mothers.
