Antenatal Care
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Questions and Answers

What is the recommended daily calorie intake for pregnant women?

  • 3000 Calorie/day
  • 3500 Calorie/day
  • 2500 Calorie/day (correct)
  • 2000 Calorie/day

    • How much protein should a pregnant woman consume daily?

  • 1-3 g/kg
  • 3-4 g/kg
  • 1-2 g/kg (correct)
  • 2-3 g/kg

    • Why should carbohydrates be restricted during pregnancy?

  • To avoid unnecessary weight gain (correct)
  • To promote fetal growth
  • To prevent gestational diabetes
  • To reduce the risk of preeclampsia

    • What is the recommended daily intake of calcium during pregnancy?

    <p>1.5-2 gm/day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should iron supplementation start during pregnancy?

    <p>By the third month</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much folic acid should pregnant women take daily, except for high-risk patients?

    <p>400 mcg/day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended daily water intake during pregnancy?

    <p>2-3 liters/day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should pregnant women avoid caffeine intake?

    <p>The reason is not specified in the text</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of calculating gestational age during the first antenatal visit?

    <p>To determine the due date</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT included in the medical history taken during the first antenatal visit?

    <p>Allergies to medications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the abdominal examination during the first antenatal visit?

    <p>To identify abdominal masses or hernias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what gestational age is the ultrasound scan ideally performed?

    <p>8-12 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the complete urine analysis during the first antenatal visit?

    <p>To screen for bacteruria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How frequently are low-risk patients seen after 36 weeks of gestation?

    <p>Every week</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the fundal level assessment during the first antenatal visit?

    <p>To estimate gestational age</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are high-risk patients seen more frequently during the antenatal period?

    <p>Because they are at higher risk of complications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'Ante' mean in Antenatal care?

    <p>Before delivery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of Antenatal care?

    <p>To ensure the safety of both the mother and the fetus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of filling an Antenatal card for every woman on her initial visit?

    <p>To highlight any risk factor present</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary objective of estimating gestational age in Antenatal care?

    <p>To determine the expected date of delivery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of patient education and instructions in Antenatal care?

    <p>To prepare the couple for childbirth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of a Stillbirth?

    <p>A fetus born dead after the age of viability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Physical examination in Antenatal care?

    <p>To assess the overall health of the mother and fetus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary objective of Antenatal care in terms of the newborn?

    <p>To try to get a healthy newborn</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of vaccines are contraindicated during pregnancy?

    <p>Live attenuated vaccines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern for avoiding tub baths during pregnancy?

    <p>Fear of ascending infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what gestational age is the detailed anomaly scan typically performed?

    <p>18-24 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended frequency of immunization during pregnancy?

    <p>8 hours by night and 1-2 hours in the afternoon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of abdominal palpation during subsequent visits?

    <p>To check for uterine size and fetal growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what gestational age is the full blood count repeated if the patient is anemic?

    <p>28-30 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended action for a patient experiencing vaginal bleeding during pregnancy?

    <p>Refer to a doctor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the screening scan performed in the late 1st trimester?

    <p>To detect Down syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common complaint during pregnancy, often accompanied by vomiting?

    <p>Morning sickness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is recommended to alleviate breast tenderness during pregnancy?

    <p>Avoiding tight clothes and warm compresses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a recommended management strategy for constipation during pregnancy?

    <p>Following a diet high in fiber and fluids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to introduce ergonomic back-care education during pregnancy?

    <p>To prevent backache</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a recommended management strategy for heartburns during pregnancy?

    <p>Eating frequent small light meals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a role of a women's health physiotherapist during pregnancy?

    <p>Educating on ergonomic back-care</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common complaint during pregnancy that can be alleviated by avoiding high heels and tight clothes?

    <p>Backache</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a recommended management strategy for haemorrhoids during pregnancy?

    <p>Eating a diet high in fiber and fluids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Antenatal Care

    • Antenatal care (ANC) is a healthcare program for pregnant women from confirmation of pregnancy until the onset of labor.
    • The goal of ANC is to ensure the safety of both the mother and the fetus.

    Objectives of Antenatal Care

    • Ensure a healthy mother and newborn
    • Estimate gestational age and expected date of delivery
    • Identify high-risk pregnancies
    • Detect and treat diseases during pregnancy
    • Detect congenital fetal malformations
    • Educate patients and prepare them for childbirth

    Elements of Antenatal Care

    • History taking
    • Physical examination
    • Investigations (routine and screening tests)
    • Plan schedule for return visits
    • Instructions and advice
    • Reassurance
    • Plan for delivery
    • Documentation

    The Booking Visit (1st Antenatal Visit)

    • History taking:
      • Menstrual history to identify last menstrual period (LMP) and estimate gestational age (GA)
      • Obstetric history
      • Medical history
      • Surgical history
      • Family history
    • Physical examination:
      • General: weight, height, and BMI
      • Blood pressure
      • Abdominal examination
      • Vaginal examination (if necessary)
      • Fundal level assessment
    • Investigations:
      • Ultrasound scan to confirm viability, dates, and identify multiple pregnancy (ideally at 8-12 weeks)
      • Laboratory tests:
        • Full blood count
        • Blood group and Rh-type (Anti-D antibodies if Rh-negative)
        • Complete urine analysis and urine culture

    Schedule of Antenatal Visits

    • Low-risk patients:
      • Every 4 weeks until 28 weeks
      • Every 2 weeks between 28 and 36 weeks
      • Every week after 36 weeks until delivery
    • High-risk patients:
      • Seen more frequently according to their condition and jointly with the corresponding specialist physician

    Instructions for Patients

    • Nutrition:
      • Calories: same as non-pregnant women (2500 Calorie/day)
      • Protein: 1-2 g/kg/day (animal and plant sources)
      • Carbohydrates: restricted to avoid unnecessary weight gain
      • Fats: accompanying animal proteins are enough
      • Calcium: 1.5-2 g/day (milk and milk products)
      • Iron: 30 mg/day (needs supplementation by the third month)
      • Folic acid: 400 mcg/day (except for high-risk patients for NTD: 5mg/day)
    • Weight gain: 10-12 kg during pregnancy
    • Dental care: encouraged, with routine check-ups and antibiotic cover
    • Breast care: panthenol cream for cracked nipples and soft, light brassiere for breast heaviness
    • Exercise: no restrictions except for vaginal bleeding or ruptured membranes
    • Traveling: allowed, but with precautions for thromboembolism for long flights
    • Immunization: live attenuated vaccines are contraindicated

    Subsequent Visits

    • History taking: any new problems and worries, satisfactory fetal movement
    • Examination:
      • Weight: checking proper weight gain
      • Blood pressure measurement
      • Abdominal palpation for uterine size and fetal growth
      • Abdominal palpation for fetal lie and presentation
    • Investigations:
      • Routine follow-up investigations
      • Laboratory tests: full blood count repeated at 28-30 weeks (and at 36 weeks if anemic)

    Warning Signs During Pregnancy

    • Refer to a doctor if experiencing:
      • Vaginal bleeding
      • Sudden gush of fluid (liquor amnii)
      • Severe persistent headache
      • Blurring of vision
      • Persistent vomiting
      • Abdominal pain
      • Swelling of lower limbs, face, or fingers

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    Description

    Antenatal care is a healthcare program for pregnant women from confirmation of pregnancy until the onset of labor. The goal of ANC is to ensure the safety of both the mother and the fetus.

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