ANSC121 Flashcards: Neoteny and Domestication
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Questions and Answers

What is neoteny?

The retention of juvenile features such as a big forehead, wide eyes, intent gaze, and shortened muzzle.

What are examples of neoteny behaviors?

  • Licking mother's mouth (correct)
  • Barking loudly
  • Rolling on back (correct)
  • Nipping and tail wagging (correct)

    • Not all domestic animals are companion animals.

    True

    How is domestication defined for the purposes of this course?

    <p>Altering an animal's genetics through controlled (selective) breeding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do xenophobia and neophobia enhance for a non-domesticated animal?

    <p>Survival.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the meaning of xenophobia?

    <p>Fear of foreigners.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does neophobia mean?

    <p>Fear of new things.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dog domestication is a settled science among researchers.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the taxonomic classification of the dog?

    <p>Canis lupus familiaris.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Recent DNA analysis suggests the modern domestic dog is a subspecies of a wolf.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dogs are direct descendants of which animal?

    <p>The wolf.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The American Kennel Club is the only breed registry requiring breed standards.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the newest AKC members as of 2020?

    <p>Dogo Argentino.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Entropion is a folding of the eyelid __________ the eyeball.

    <p>toward.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary reason for the practice of purebred dog breeding?

    <p>To produce offspring predictable in physical and behavioral characteristics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is 'German shepherd dog' spelled according to American Heritage Dictionary guidelines?

    <p>German shepherd dog.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the neural crest cell hypothesis propose?

    <p>It proposes explanations for coat color changes, shorter snouts, and floppy ears.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The African grey parrot is an example of what?

    <p>A non-domestic animal often bred and kept in captivity as a pet.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For microchips to be effective, they must be registered to the owner.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the AVMA define responsible pet ownership?

    <p>A commitment of time and money that is intentional for the life of the pet.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Being a pet owner is considered a __________.

    <p>Privilege.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some physical changes due to domestication?

    <p>Ear shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the scientific classification for dogs?

    <p>Kingdom: Animalia, Phylum: Chordata, Class: Mammalia, Order: Carnivora, Family: Canidae, Genus: Canis, Species: lupus, Subspecies: C.lupus familiaris.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dogs are the most morphologically diverse mammals on Earth.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Dog family, Canidae, include?

    <p>Dogs, wolves, coyotes, jackals, foxes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many AKC dog groups are there?

    <p>Eight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What responsibilities are included in responsible pet ownership?

    <p>Commit, invest, obey, identify, limit, prepare.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Responsible pet ownership includes obeying which local requirements?

    <p>Licensing and leash requirements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does it mean to identify in responsible pet ownership?

    <p>Ensuring pets are properly identified (tags, microchips, or tattoos) and maintaining up-to-date registration information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does it mean to limit in responsible pet ownership?

    <p>Limiting the type and number of pets to what you can provide for: housing, nutrition, health care, and companionship.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Neoteny

    • Neoteny refers to the retention of juvenile features in adult organisms, such as big foreheads, wide eyes, intent gazes, and shortened muzzles.

    Neoteny Behaviors

    • Common neoteny behaviors in animals include licking the mother's mouth, rolling on their back, making soft and high-pitched sounds, nipping, and tail wagging.

    Domestic vs. Companion Animals

    • Not all domestic animals serve as companion animals; some may be kept for other purposes but still classified as domesticated.

    Definition of Domestication

    • Domestication is defined as the intentional alteration of an animal's genetics through controlled, selective breeding.

    Survival Behaviors

    • Xenophobia (fear of foreigners) and neophobia (fear of new things) enhance survival in non-domesticated animals.

    Terminology

    • Xenophobia is the fear of foreigners.
    • Neophobia is the fear of new experiences or things.

    Dog Domestication Debate

    • The domestication of dogs remains a contentious topic among scientists.

    Taxonomic Classification of Dogs

    • The dog is classified scientifically as Canis lupus familiaris, indicating it is a subspecies of the wolf.

    Ancestry of Dogs

    • Modern domestic dogs are direct descendants of wolves.

    American Kennel Club (AKC) Standards

    • The AKC is not the only breed registry requiring breed standards, contrary to popular belief.

    AKC Newest Member

    • As of 2020, the dogo Argentino was one of the latest additions to the AKC registry.

    Entropion

    • Entropion, a medical condition, refers to the folding of the eyelid towards the eyeball.

    Purebred Breeding

    • One main reason for purebred dog breeding is to ensure offspring have predictable physical and behavioral traits.

    Journal Publication Guidelines

    • In scientific publications, nouns are capitalized, such as "German shepherd dog," following American Heritage Dictionary guidelines.

    Neural Crest Cell Hypothesis

    • This hypothesis explains variations in domesticated dog traits, like coat color, shorter snouts, and floppy ears.

    African Grey Parrot

    • The African grey parrot is an example of a non-domestic animal commonly bred as a pet.

    Microchip Registration

    • To be effective, microchips must not only be implanted under the skin but also registered to the animal's owner.

    Responsible Pet Ownership

    • The American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) defines responsible pet ownership as a significant time and financial commitment, viewing it as a privilege.

    Physical Changes in Domestication

    • Domestication leads to various physical changes, including differences in size, coat color and texture, ear shape, tail structure, skull size and shape, as well as variations in feathers.

    Scientific Classification for Dogs

    • Dogs belong to the following classification: Kingdom (Animalia), Phylum (Chordata), Class (Mammalia), Order (Carnivora), Family (Canidae), Genus (Canis), Species (lupus), Subspecies (C. lupus familiaris).

    Morphological Diversity in Dogs

    • Dogs are recognized as the most morphologically diverse mammals on Earth.

    Canidae Family

    • The Canidae family includes dogs, wolves, coyotes, jackals, and foxes, among others.

    AKC Dog Groups

    • The AKC recognizes seven primary dog groups: Working, Herding, Hound, Non-sporting, Sporting, Toy, and Terrier, along with a Miscellaneous eighth group.

    Responsibilities of Pet Ownership

    • Responsible pet ownership involves a commitment to:
      • Commit time and resources to care for pets
      • Invest in their well-being
      • Obey local laws regarding pet ownership
      • Ensure pets are properly identified
      • Limit the number of pets to manageable levels
      • Prepare for the pet’s needs throughout its life.

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    Description

    Explore key concepts related to neoteny, behaviors of juvenile features, and the differences between domestic and companion animals. This quiz provides insightful flashcards that help reinforce your understanding of animal science topics. Perfect for students in ANSC121 course.

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