ANS Drugs Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary action of mixed-acting sympathomimetics?

  • Inhibit the effects of alpha receptors
  • Reduce blood pressure by vasodilation
  • Stimulate adrenergic receptor sites and release norepinephrine (correct)
  • Block the release of norepinephrine

    • Which of the following drugs is classified as an alpha 1 agonist?

  • Dopamine
  • Clonidine
  • Albuterol
  • Phenylephrine (correct)

    • Which of the following is an indication for using alpha 1 agonists?

  • Heart failure
  • Severe bronchial asthma
  • Nasal congestion (correct)
  • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

    • What is a significant nursing consideration for the use of midodrine?

    <p>Do not administer within 4 hours of bedtime</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mechanism of action do alpha 1 agonists primarily utilize?

    <p>Activation of α1-adrenergic receptors in arterial vasculature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What common side effect may occur with the use of midodrine?

    <p>Hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should blood pressure be monitored when administering an alpha 1 agonist?

    <p>Throughout the treatment period</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about alpha 1 agonists is incorrect?

    <p>They are safe for all patients without restrictions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)?

    <p>Controls involuntary bodily functions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for the 'fight or flight' response?

    <p>Sympathetic nervous system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    From which region of the spinal cord does the sympathetic nervous system arise?

    <p>Thoracolumbar region.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of responses do adrenergic receptors primarily mediate?

    <p>Fight or flight responses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes adrenergic agonists from antagonists?

    <p>Agonists enhance receptor activity, antagonists inhibit it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a major response to stimulation of the autonomic nervous system?

    <p>Increased skeletal muscle tone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of the somatic nervous system compared to the autonomic nervous system?

    <p>It activates skeletal muscles voluntarily.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about alpha and beta antagonists is incorrect?

    <p>Both alpha and beta antagonists are used exclusively for emergency treatments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of alpha-2 agonists?

    <p>Inhibit adrenergic neuronal outflow and reduce vasoconstrictor signals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential side effect of sudden discontinuation of alpha-2 agonist treatment?

    <p>Rebound hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum daily dose for oral administration of the alpha-2 agonist used for treating hypertension?

    <p>2.4 mg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nursing consideration is crucial when administering alpha-2 agonists?

    <p>Regularly check blood pressure and pulse rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For what condition is the alpha-2 agonist typically indicated?

    <p>Pre-eclampsia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What vital sign measurement is particularly important after the patient has been lying down?

    <p>Blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What dosage adjustment may be needed for an alpha-2 agonist based on patient condition?

    <p>According to patient’s blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be monitored regularly during IV infusion of an alpha-2 agonist?

    <p>Blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of indirect-acting cholinergic agonists?

    <p>Inhibit the action of cholinesterase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action for alpha 1 antagonists in the treatment of BPH?

    <p>Relaxes smooth muscle of the bladder neck</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is classified as a direct-acting muscarinic agonist?

    <p>Pilocarpine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common effect of cholinergic agonists on the cardiovascular system?

    <p>Decreased heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nursing consideration is essential before starting treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)?

    <p>Ensure prostate cancer is ruled out</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What risk is associated with the use of yohimbine as an alpha 2 antagonist?

    <p>Potential for heart attacks and seizures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an effect of anticholinergic drugs?

    <p>Decreased salivation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect do nonselective beta blockers have on patients with COPD or asthma?

    <p>Causes bronchoconstriction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drugs is utilized for treating Alzheimer's disease?

    <p>Donepezil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main therapeutic use of the drug Rivastigmine?

    <p>To alleviate symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which beta blocker is classified as selective for beta1 receptors?

    <p>Atenolol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the effects of cholinergic agonists is true?

    <p>They stimulate increased salivation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do beta adrenergic antagonists primarily affect cardiac output and workload?

    <p>Reduce cardiac output and workload</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of cholinergic agonists on ocular function?

    <p>Cause pupil constriction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of cAMP in smooth muscle relaxation and airway function?

    <p>Activates protein kinase A (PKA) which leads to relaxation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be monitored 2 to 3 hours after the initial dose of an alpha 1 antagonist?

    <p>Blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    ANS Drugs

    • The Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) regulates involuntary bodily functions like heart rate, digestion, and respiration
    • The ANS has two divisions: the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS)
    • The SNS prepares the body for 'fight or flight' responses, it readies the body for threats
    • The sympathetic nervous system arises from the thoracolumbar region of the spinal cord
    • Alpha-1 Agonists: Epinephrine, Ephedrine, Dopamine, Phenylephrine, Midodrine
      • These medications are used for nasal congestion, hypotension, and pupillary dilation
      • They activate α1-adrenoceptors in the nasal mucosa and arterioles, causing vasoconstriction and increased blood pressure
    • Alpha-2 Agonists: Clonidine, Methyldopa
      • These medications are used for hypertension and pulmonary hypertension
      • They stimulate alpha-2 adrenoreceptors in the brainstem, leading to reduced sympathetic outflow and decreased blood pressure
    • Beta-1 Agonists: Epinephrine, Ephedrine, Dopamine, Dobutamine, Isoproterenol
      • These medications stimulate beta-1 receptors
    • Beta-2 Agonists: Epinephrine, Ephedrine, Isoproterenol, Albuterol, Terbutaline, Metaproterenol
      • These medications stimulate beta-2 receptors
    • Mixed Agonists: Epinephrine, NE, Ephedrine, Dopamine, Pseudoephedrine
      • These medications stimulate both alpha and beta receptors
    • Beta Adrenergic Antagonists (-olols)
      • These medications are also known as beta blockers, they decrease heart rate and blood pressure
      • Nonselective beta blockers block both beta1 and beta2 receptors, should be used with caution in patients with asthma and COPD
      • Examples: Carvedilol, Labetalol, Propranolol, Nadolol, Pindolol, Sotalol, Timolol
      • Selective beta blockers have a greater affinity for certain receptors, and are used to decrease pulse rate and blood pressure
      • Examples: Atenolol, Metoprolol tartrate
    • Cholinergic Agonists
      • These drugs increase the action of acetylcholine by stimulating the receptors
      • Types of cholinergic agonists:
        • Direct-acting Cholinergic Agonists: Acetylcholine, Bethanechol, Carbachol, Pilocarpine, Cevimeline, Nicotine, Varenicline, Lobeline, Succinylcholine, Suxamethonium chloride
        • **Indirect-acting Cholinergic Agonists: ** Edrophonium, Carbamates (-stigmines), Organophosphates, Rivastigmine, Donepezil, Galantamine, Tacrine

    Cholinergic Agonists

    • Their effects on the body include:
      • Decreased heart rate, decreased blood pressure
      • Increased tone and motility of smooth muscle of the stomach and intestine, increased peristalsis, and relaxed sphincter muscles
      • Contraction of muscles of the urinary bladder, increased tone of ureters, relaxed bladder sphincter muscles, and stimulated urination
      • Increased pupil constriction (miosis) and increased accommodation (flattening or thickening for distant or near vision)
      • Increased salivation, perspiration, and tears
      • Stimulation of bronchial smooth muscle contraction and increased bronchial secretions
      • Increased neuromuscular transmission and maintenance of muscle strength and tone

    Cholinergic Antagonists

    • Also known as parasympatholytics or anticholinergics
    • They inhibit the actions of acetylcholine by occupying the acetylcholine receptors
    • They produce the following effects:
      • Decrease in GI motility
      • Decrease in salivation
      • Mydriasis
      • Increase in pulse rate

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    ANS Drugs PDF - La Consolacion University Philippines

    Description

    This quiz covers the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) and its role in regulating involuntary bodily functions. It highlights the two divisions of the ANS, the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems, and explores various types of drugs including alpha and beta agonists. Test your knowledge on how these medications function and their applications in treating different conditions.

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