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What is the cause of anterior cleft defects?
What is the cause of anterior cleft defects?
What is the gender distribution among affected neonates with a cleft lip?
What is the gender distribution among affected neonates with a cleft lip?
What causes a persistent labia groove resulting in a unilateral cleft lip?
What causes a persistent labia groove resulting in a unilateral cleft lip?
What happens in the case of a complete bilateral cleft lip?
What happens in the case of a complete bilateral cleft lip?
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What causes a median cleft lip?
What causes a median cleft lip?
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What is the gender distribution among affected individuals with cleft lip and palate?
What is the gender distribution among affected individuals with cleft lip and palate?
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What gene is involved in the formation of isolated clefts?
What gene is involved in the formation of isolated clefts?
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What is the recurrence risk in subsequent siblings when neither parent is affected by cleft lip and alveolar process of the maxilla?
What is the recurrence risk in subsequent siblings when neither parent is affected by cleft lip and alveolar process of the maxilla?
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What causes clefts of the posterior palate (clefts posterior to the incisive fossa)?
What causes clefts of the posterior palate (clefts posterior to the incisive fossa)?
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What causes clefts of the secondary parts of the palate?
What causes clefts of the secondary parts of the palate?
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Which of the following is a common craniofacial birth defect?
Which of the following is a common craniofacial birth defect?
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Where are small auricular sinuses and cysts usually located?
Where are small auricular sinuses and cysts usually located?
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What causes congenital atresia of the nasolacrimal duct?
What causes congenital atresia of the nasolacrimal duct?
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What are auricular sinuses and cysts classified as?
What are auricular sinuses and cysts classified as?
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Which part of the face may be affected by clefts?
Which part of the face may be affected by clefts?
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What are remnants of the first pharyngeal groove associated with?
What are remnants of the first pharyngeal groove associated with?
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Where are auricular sinuses and cysts usually located?
Where are auricular sinuses and cysts usually located?
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What is the approximate occurrence rate of nasolacrimal duct obstruction in neonates?
What is the approximate occurrence rate of nasolacrimal duct obstruction in neonates?
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"Little anomalies that do not cause clinical importance" refers to which condition?
"Little anomalies that do not cause clinical importance" refers to which condition?
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Which of the following facial defects results from the incomplete merging of the medial nasal prominences?
Which of the following facial defects results from the incomplete merging of the medial nasal prominences?
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What is a characteristic feature of a mild form of bifid nose?
What is a characteristic feature of a mild form of bifid nose?
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Severe clefts are usually associated with what in the head?
Severe clefts are usually associated with what in the head?
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What type of facial clefts are often bilateral and extend from the upper lip to the medial margin of the orbita?
What type of facial clefts are often bilateral and extend from the upper lip to the medial margin of the orbita?
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Bilateral clefts can result in what characteristic feature?
Bilateral clefts can result in what characteristic feature?
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What is the term for teeth that have erupted by the time of birth?
What is the term for teeth that have erupted by the time of birth?
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What condition is often caused by a deficiency in vitamin D (rickets)?
What condition is often caused by a deficiency in vitamin D (rickets)?
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'Oblique facial clefts' are associated with which of the following?
'Oblique facial clefts' are associated with which of the following?
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What imaging technique is used to readily recognize facial defects such as a cleft lip during the second trimester?
What imaging technique is used to readily recognize facial defects such as a cleft lip during the second trimester?
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Abnormalities in the number, shape, and size of teeth can be influenced by which factors?
Abnormalities in the number, shape, and size of teeth can be influenced by which factors?
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What is the term for a condition where teeth may be deficient in enamel?
What is the term for a condition where teeth may be deficient in enamel?
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Abnormally formed and inadequately enameled mandibular incisors can be indicative of what condition?
Abnormally formed and inadequately enameled mandibular incisors can be indicative of what condition?
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Which of the following facial defects is associated with underdevelopment (hypoplasia) of the mandible in severe cases?
Which of the following facial defects is associated with underdevelopment (hypoplasia) of the mandible in severe cases?
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What is the result of excessive merging of the mesenchymal masses in the maxillary and mandibular prominences of the first pharyngeal arch?
What is the result of excessive merging of the mesenchymal masses in the maxillary and mandibular prominences of the first pharyngeal arch?
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What results from the occurrence of a single nostril due to the formation of only one nasal placode?
What results from the occurrence of a single nostril due to the formation of only one nasal placode?
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What type of facial clefts result from the failure of mesenchymal masses in the maxillary prominences to merge with the lateral and medial nasal prominences?
What type of facial clefts result from the failure of mesenchymal masses in the maxillary prominences to merge with the lateral and medial nasal prominences?
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Which condition involves teeth that have erupted by the time of birth, usually involving the mandibular incisors and may be abnormally formed with little enamel?
Which condition involves teeth that have erupted by the time of birth, usually involving the mandibular incisors and may be abnormally formed with little enamel?
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What is the result of bilateral oblique facial clefts extending from the mouth toward the ear?
What is the result of bilateral oblique facial clefts extending from the mouth toward the ear?
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What causes tooth abnormalities such as abnormal number, shape, and size or discoloration by foreign substances?
What causes tooth abnormalities such as abnormal number, shape, and size or discoloration by foreign substances?
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What can be identified sonographically at the beginning of the second trimester using imaging techniques?
What can be identified sonographically at the beginning of the second trimester using imaging techniques?
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What is a common occurrence associated with severe clefts in terms of head defects?
What is a common occurrence associated with severe clefts in terms of head defects?
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What may result from underdevelopment (hypoplasia) of the mandible in severe cases of congenital microstomia?
What may result from underdevelopment (hypoplasia) of the mandible in severe cases of congenital microstomia?
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Where are small auricular sinuses and cysts usually located?
Where are small auricular sinuses and cysts usually located?
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Study Notes
Cleft Defects
- Anterior cleft defects are caused by failure of the medial nasal prominences to merge properly.
Gender Distribution
- In affected neonates, the gender distribution is 2:1 male to female for cleft lip.
Unilateral Cleft Lip
- A persistent labia groove results in a unilateral cleft lip.
Bilateral Cleft Lip
- In complete bilateral cleft lip, the premaxilla is separate from the maxilla.
Median Cleft Lip
- Median cleft lip is caused by failure of the frontonasal prominence to merge properly.
Gender Distribution for Cleft Lip and Palate
- The gender distribution for cleft lip and palate is 2:1 male to female.
Genetics of Clefts
- The IRF6 gene is involved in the formation of isolated clefts.
Recurrence Risk
- The recurrence risk in subsequent siblings when neither parent is affected is 4-6%.
Clefts of the Posterior Palate
- Clefts of the posterior palate are caused by failure of the palatine shelves to fuse.
Clefts of the Secondary Palate
- Clefts of the secondary palate are caused by failure of the lateral palatine shelves to fuse.
Common Craniofacial Birth Defect
- Cleft lip and palate is a common craniofacial birth defect.
Auricular Sinuses and Cysts
- Auricular sinuses and cysts are usually located in front of the ear and are classified as congenital anomalies.
Congenital Atresia of the Nasolacrimal Duct
- Congenital atresia of the nasolacrimal duct is caused by failure of the nasolacrimal groove to develop.
Minor Anomalies
- "Little anomalies that do not cause clinical importance" refers to minor anomalies.
Facial Clefts
- Facial clefts can affect the upper lip, alveolar process, hard palate, and soft palate.
Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction
- The approximate occurrence rate of nasolacrimal duct obstruction in neonates is 20%.
Miscellaneous
- Natal teeth are teeth that have erupted by the time of birth.
- Rickets can cause abnormalities in tooth development.
- Oblique facial clefts are associated with hypoplasia of the maxillary process.
- Facial defects such as cleft lip can be readily recognized by ultrasonography during the second trimester.
- Abnormalities in tooth development can be influenced by genetics, environment, and nutrition.
- Hypoplasia of the mandible can result in microstomia.
- Fusion of the maxillary and mandibular prominences can result in a single nostril.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the developmental anomalies of the face and identifying types of cleft lip and palate with this quiz. Learn about atresia of the nasolacrimal duct and other congenital anomalies.
