Animal Welfare vs. Animal Rights Quiz

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Questions and Answers

The "code" mentioned in the content is a legal document.

False (B)

What is the primary purpose of the "Animal Welfare Act" (Act 1)?

  • To allow harmful practices towards animals with no justification needed
  • To prioritize human needs over animal wellbeing
  • To only protect specific animal species
  • To ensure the ethical treatment of animals based on human responsibility (correct)

According to the content, what is the difference between ethology and applied ethology?

Ethology is the study of animal behavior from an evolutionary perspective, while applied ethology applies that knowledge to domesticated animals.

After a draft code is submitted to the NFACC, it is ______ before being released.

<p>reviewed</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their corresponding definitions:

<p>NFACC = National Federation of Animal Care Committees Code committee = Drafts the specific codes based on requirements Science Committee = Evaluates the scientific aspects of the codes Corrective actions = Steps taken when practices fail to meet code requirements</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of information for each issue of the commodity group's publication?

<p>Literature reviews on the topic (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens if the practices associated with a particular code fail to meet the requirements?

<p>Corrective actions can be required.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The process of creating and implementing the codes involves only a single committee.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the five freedoms of animal welfare?

<p>Freedom from discomfort, freedom from hunger and thirst, freedom from pain, injury or disease, freedom to express normal behavior, freedom from fear, and freedom from distress (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The three circles of animal welfare are basic health & functioning, affective states, and natural living.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are examples of alternative housing options for sows during gestation?

<p>Group housing systems or furnished housing systems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following methods of humane killing with their respective categories:

<p>Captive-bolt pistols = Physical methods Electrical stunning = Physical methods CO2 gas = Chemical methods</p> Signup and view all the answers

The three R's of animal research stand for ______, ______, and ______

<p>Replacement, Reduction, Refinement</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of early domestication of animals?

<p>Increased risk of zoonotic diseases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is vivisection, and who is credited with pioneering this practice?

<p>Vivisection is the practice of performing experiments on living animals. Aristotle is credited with pioneering this practice.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The practice of anti-vivisection emerged during the 15th century.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the National Form Animal Care Council (NFAAC)?

<p>To coordinate a national approach to farm animal welfare (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Canadian Criminal Code allows causing animals to suffer under certain circumstances.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one type of animal usage mentioned that contributes to society.

<p>Lab animals</p> Signup and view all the answers

The rise of livestock production occurred in the _____ century.

<p>16th</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following practices with their descriptions:

<p>Lab Animals = Used for scientific research Wildlife = Involves sporting and tourism Pets = Companions for humans Farming = Raising animals for food and resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following aspects of behavior helps in understanding why animals behave the way they do?

<p>Learning (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The study of behavior evolution focuses solely on the genetics of species.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who proposed categories of questions regarding animal behavior?

<p>Nikoldas Tinbergen</p> Signup and view all the answers

Behaviour evolution requires variation in behaviour between individuals, behaviour being ________ and selective advantages in certain behaviour.

<p>inheritable</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following behaviors with their descriptions:

<p>Learning = Acquiring knowledge or skills through experience Imprinting = Rapid learning during a critical period Play = Engaging in activities for enjoyment or practice Genetics = Study of heredity and variations in organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the reasons to study animal behavior?

<p>To understand why animals behave the way they do (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Noises and smells are categorized as aspects of animal behavior.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are two categories of questions regarding animal behavior mentioned in the content?

<p>Start point and purpose</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ethical view states that animals have no moral standing and can be used as one wishes?

<p>Contractarianism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to utilitarianism, it is morally acceptable to exploit animals if there is minimal suffering.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is anthropomorphism in the context of animal ethics?

<p>The attribution of human characteristics or emotions to animals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Animals in ethical discussions are often considered to have a ________ moral status.

<p>basic</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the 5 Animal Freedoms?

<p>Freedom to roam freely (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following ethical views with their descriptions:

<p>Contractarianism = Animals have no moral standing. Utilitarianism = Morally acceptable to exploit animals under certain conditions. Animal Rights = Animals have basic moral rights. Respect for Nature = Focuses on the loss of a species.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The contextual approach is based on the idea that all animals deserve equal treatment regardless of their species.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'sentient' mean in relation to animals?

<p>The ability to perceive or feel things.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Canadian Criminal Code

A Canadian law that prohibits intentionally causing suffering to animals.

NFAAC (National Farm Animal Care Council)

A code of practice promoting animal welfare in Canada that involves multiple stakeholders, science, and consensus.

NFAAC Code Development Process

The process of developing the NFAAC code involves extensive stakeholder participation, scientific understanding, and a consensus-based approach.

20th-21st Century

The period where animal welfare, sustainable production, and livestock became a central focus.

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16th Century

The era when livestock farming emerged as a practice, emphasizing the importance of animal well-being and sustainable production.

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Domestication

The process of humans influencing animal evolution to meet human needs, often resulting in animals with unique traits and a dependent relationship on humans.

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Animal Rights

The belief that animals have a moral standing and deserve ethical consideration.

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Utilitarianism

A philosophical view that ethical conduct is determined by the potential consequences of actions, prioritizing the greatest good for the greatest number.

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Anthropomorphism

Attributing human characteristics, desires, and motivations to animals.

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Contractarianism

The belief that animals have no moral standing, and humans can use them for any purpose.

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Respect for Nature

An ethical approach that values the inherent worth of each animal species, not just their usefulness to humans.

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Sentience

The ability of an animal to experience feelings and sensations, indicating an awareness of its environment and its needs.

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Animal Ethics

A set of principles that guide ethical conduct when dealing with animals, based on the recognition of their moral standing.

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Commodity Group

A group of related products that are traded on the market.

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Scientific Committee

A group of experts who review and evaluate scientific research for quality and validity.

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Literature Review

A document that summarizes the current state of knowledge on a particular topic, based on existing research.

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Code

A set of detailed guidelines outlining acceptable and unacceptable practices for a specific activity, often in a scientific or technical field.

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Peer Review

A process where experts in a field evaluate the quality and validity of research before it is published or implemented.

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Ethology

The study of animal behavior from a biological and evolutionary perspective.

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Applied Ethology

The application of ethological principles to understand and improve the welfare of domesticated animals.

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Animal Behavior

The study of all the actions and reactions of an animal in its environment.

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Five Freedoms of Animal Welfare

The five freedoms describe the basic welfare needs of animals. They focus on ensuring animals are free from physical pain, injury, disease, discomfort, and fear. In essence, they highlight animals' right to a life free from unnecessary suffering.

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Three Circles of Animal Welfare

The Three Circles of Animal Welfare provide a framework to assess animal welfare. They include basic health and functioning, affective states, and natural living. This model emphasizes the importance of both physical and mental wellbeing for animals.

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Breaking Animal Rights

Breaking animal rights involves actions that violate the five freedoms and the ethical principles of animal welfare. Examples include factory farming practices and inhumane animal testing methods.

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Sow Gestation Crates

Sow gestation crates are restrictive enclosures that limit a sow's movement during pregnancy. They raise concerns about animal welfare due to the lack of space, restricted natural behavior, and potential stress for the sow.

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Conventional Cages

Conventional cages are often used to house animals in factory farms. They are small and restrictive, limiting the natural behavior of animals and potentially leading to stress and discomfort.

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Humane Killing Methods

Humane killing methods aim to minimize pain and distress for animals during slaughter. Captive-bolt pistols, electrical stunning, and CO2 gas are some methods used in humane slaughter.

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The Three Rs (Replacement, Reduction, Refinement)

The Three Rs (Replacement, Reduction, Refinement) are principles guiding ethical animal research. They encourage finding alternatives to animal use, using fewer animals whenever possible, and minimizing animal suffering in research.

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Hunter-Gatherer Relationships

Early humans lived in close proximity with animals, following their migration patterns for food and resources. This mutual dependence laid the foundation for early domestication practices, marking a significant shift in the human-animal relationship.

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Static posture

An animal's behavior that does not involve any physical activity.

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Active movement

An action that involves physical movement, such as running, swimming, or flying.

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Noises

Sounds made by animals, such as chirping, barking, or roaring.

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Smells

Odors produced by animals, such as pheromones or the scent of prey.

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Changes in color & shape

Changes in an animal's physical appearance, such as color or shape, that may be linked to behavior.

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Nikolaas Tinbergen

A Dutch biologist who developed four key categories of questions for understanding animal behavior.

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Start point of development

The starting point for evaluating animal behavior.

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Evolution of behavior

How behavior has changed over generations due to natural selection.

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Study Notes

Animal Welfare vs. Animal Rights

  • Domestication creates a human-animal relationship with dependence and vulnerability, impacting animal "moral status".
  • Animal ethics examines the morality of actions towards animals, using knowledge and reasoning.
  • Anthropomorphism is attributing human characteristics to animals.

Five Views of Humanity and Animals

  • Contractarianism: Animals have no moral standing; humans can use and abuse them at will.
  • Utilitarianism: Animal use is acceptable if there's minimal suffering.
  • Animal Rights: Animals have basic rights to life, liberty, and respectful treatment. Sentience and cognitive abilities give animals a moral standing.
  • Contextual Approach: Human-animal relationships vary by species.
  • Respect for Nature: Considering conservation and the loss of a species.

Animal Welfare and the 5 Freedoms

  • The 5 freedoms are fundamental aspects of animal welfare, encompassing freedom from hunger, discomfort, pain, disease, and fear and distress. These are legislated standards.

Three Circles of Animal Welfare

  • Basic health and functionality.
  • Affective states (emotional well-being).
  • Natural living conditions (environment).

Breaking Animal Rights

  • Issues and concerns about practices like sow gestation crates and conventional cages.
  • Alternatives include sow group housing and furnished housing systems.
  • Humane killing methods (captive bolt pistols, electrical stunning, CO2 gas).

The 3Rs

  • Replacement: Using non-animal methods or different animal models.
  • Reduction: Minimizing the number of animals used.
  • Refinement: Minimizing pain, distress, and enhancing welfare.

Animals in History

  • Hunter-gatherer relationships and animal migration patterns.
  • Early domestication around 8000 BC.
  • Animal testing and medicine, including Aristotle's vivisection.
  • Medieval Period's reliance on animals, and later the rise of livestock.
  • 20th and 21st centuries' focus on animal welfare and sustainable production.
  • Modern day animal use in labs, teaching, wildlife, hunting, sporting activities, zoos, tourism, and farming.

Canadian Laws and Animal Welfare

  • Canadian Criminal Code prohibits causing animals suffering due to neglect, pain, or injury.
  • National Farm Animal Care Council (NFACC) coordinates a national approach for farm animal welfare policy.
  • This includes widespread stakeholder participation and science-based codes of practice.

Code Development Process

  • National commodity groups initiate development.
  • Scientists are recognized for their expertise.
  • Literature reviews are conducted for each key issue.
  • Scientific committees prepare code drafts for review by peer colleagues.
  • Draft codes are finalized and released by the NFACC.
  • Codes are reviewed to ensure the inclusion of mandatory elements and standards.

German Laws

  • German animal welfare law prioritizes animal welfare by protecting animal lives and wellbeing.
  • Harm is not permitted without justification.
  • Enforcement can result in imprisonment for offenses concerning animal welfare.

Animal Behaviour

  • Ethology: The evolutionary study of animal behaviour.
  • Applied ethology: Applies ethological principles to domestic animals.
  • Animal behaviour covers all actions of an animal (static or active positions, noises like barks or meows, and smells or color changes).
  • Dutch biologist Nikolaas Tinbergen identified four key questions for studying animal behavior: start point, development, purpose, evolution.

Aspects of Animal Behaviour

  • Learning (conditioning)
  • Imprinting (early learning/attachment).
  • Play.
  • Genetics (influence on behaviour).
  • Behaviour evolution (variation, heritability, and selective advantages in behaviour).
  • Sexual behaviour (altricial or precocial characteristics).
  • Parental behaviour.
  • Personality and interaction of genetics and environment.

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