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Questions and Answers
What is the purpose of carrying out welfare assessments?
The owner is solely responsible for animal welfare assessments.
False
What are the Five Freedoms in animal welfare?
Freedom from hunger and thirst, freedom from discomfort, freedom from pain, injury and disease, freedom to express normal behavior, and freedom from fear and distress.
Welfare assessments can be conducted at the ______ level, group context, and ______ level.
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What is the purpose of carrying out welfare assessments?
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What are some minimum requirements included in the standards of care for animal welfare? (Select all that apply)
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Who is ultimately responsible for welfare assessments?
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What frameworks are used in animal welfare assessments?
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The Five Freedoms include freedom from hunger and thirst.
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The standard of care refers to the reasonable degree of care that must be provided to an animal, which includes humane handling, shelter, and ___ .
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What are welfare outputs used for in the Five Freedoms assessment?
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Which of the following is considered a welfare output for the freedom from pain and injury?
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Study Notes
Why Carry Out Welfare Assessments?
- To meet animal care standards
- To ensure animal sentience is acknowledged
- To prevent suffering, promote well-being, and enable species-typical behaviors
- To comply with regulatory standards
- To ensure facility registration
- To prevent animal pain and suffering
Welfare Assessment Standards
- International: World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) - Terrestrial Animal Health Code
- National: Examples include Australia's Code of Practice and Minimum Standards for the Welfare of Chickens (AO 12), Pigs (AO 41), and Small Companion Animals (AO 54)
- Private: Practice Standards Schemes (e.g., in clinical practice)
Welfare Assessment Responsibility
- Owner: Formulates plans, maintains records
- Veterinarian: Advises on plans and records, reviews performance, advises on corrective action
- Assessor: Provides feedback but not advice
Welfare Assessment Contexts
- Individual Level: Veterinary practice - clinical examination
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Group Context:
- Veterinary practice - farm planning
- Quality assurance schemes - on-farm and slaughterhouses
- Laboratory animal research
Welfare Assessment Delivery
- Quality assurance schemes
- Benchmarking
- Veterinary practices assisting clients
- Veterinary practices’ own standards (e.g., Practice Standards Schemes - Standards of care)
Animal Welfare Assessment Schemes
- Five Freedoms Framework
- Welfare Inputs - Welfare Outputs
- Quantifying welfare compromise (Severity-Duration-Number)
- Welfare Quality® project
- Animal / Outcome-based measures:
- Physiological measures
- Behavioral measures
- Production and Disease (Clinical Health) measures
The Five Freedoms and Animal Welfare
- Developed by Brambell (1965) and FAWC (1992)
The Five Freedoms and Welfare Inputs and Outputs
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Freedom from Hunger & Thirst:
- Inputs: Access to fresh water, a diet for full health and vigor
- Outputs: Body weight, body condition score, signs of dehydration
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Freedom from Discomfort:
- Inputs: Appropriate environment, including shelter and comfortable resting areas
- Outputs: Pressure sores
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Freedom from Pain, Injury & Disease:
- Inputs: Veterinary advice for disease prevention or treatment
- Outputs: Prevalence of coughing
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Freedom to Express Normal Behaviour:
- Inputs: Sufficient space, facilities, and social interaction
- Outputs: Signs of injury from fighting, abnormal behaviors.
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Freedom from Fear and Distress:
- Inputs: Conditions and treatment that prevent mental suffering, including stockperson training
- Outputs: Avoidance distance
Using the Five Freedoms for Welfare Assessment
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Outputs:
- Number: Percentage of animals affected
- Severity: How badly they are affected
- Duration: How long the problem has been ongoing
Group Assessment - Quality Assurance Schemes
- Welfare Quality® Project: Collaboration between researchers in 19 countries, including 15 in Europe and 4 in Latin America (Mexico, Uruguay, Chile, Brazil).
- Target Species: Laying hens, broilers, pigs, beef and dairy cattle, water buffalo.
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Description
This quiz covers the importance of welfare assessments in animal care and the standards involved both internationally and nationally. It discusses the roles of different stakeholders, including owners, veterinarians, and assessors, ensuring compliance with regulations while promoting animal well-being.
