Animal Welfare and Laboratory Animal Medicine Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Who is considered the founder of experimental medicine?

  • Claude Bernard (correct)
  • Nathan Brewer
  • Thomas Clarkson
  • Bennett Cohen

    • Who is recognized as the first lab animal veterinarian?

  • Simon D. Brimhall, VMD (correct)
  • Dr. Cooper Curtice
  • Bennett Cohen
  • Nathan Brewer

    • Who is known as one of the five founders of ACP (American College of Physicians)?

  • Thomas Clarkson
  • Simon D. Brimhall, VMD
  • Claude Bernard
  • Bennett Cohen (correct)

    • Who is considered a veterinary pioneer in comparative medicine and women's health?

    <p>Thomas Clarkson</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is recommended for tail tissue removal in rabbits and guinea pigs before 17 days old?

    <p>Anesthesia or analgesia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what stage is death as an endpoint considered unacceptable?

    <p>Unless scientifically justified</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what point does conscious perception of pain in rat fetuses occur?

    <p>At about 80% of the pregnancy time progression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is anesthesia advised for potentially painful procedures in late-term fetuses?

    <p>Late-term fetuses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What physiological differences affect neonatal rodents?

    <p>Physiological differences affecting drug metabolism and pain sensitivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may cause pain or distress if prolonged beyond normal presurgical preparation?

    <p>Food and water deprivation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is recommended as positive reinforcement in research protocols?

    <p>Highly preferred food or fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is advised in conditioned-response research protocols?

    <p>The least restriction necessary while maintaining animal well-being</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who pioneered the concept of disease-free animal colonies?

    <p>Dr. Charles A. Griffin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Animal Care Panel (ACP) become?

    <p>AALAS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is considered the founder of biology and conducted the first dissections revealing internal differences among animals?

    <p>Aristotle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is credited as possibly the first to perform experiments on living animals, establishing the trachea as an air tube and the lungs as pneumatic from pigs?

    <p>Erasistratus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which legislation was the first reflecting concern for animals in research, emphasizing licensed researchers using animals, particularly in painful research and the use of anesthesia?

    <p>Cruelty to Animals Act (1876)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which freedoms were proposed by Brambell and adopted by the UK Farm Animal Welfare Advisory Council in 1979?

    <p>Freedom from hunger and thirst, discomfort, pain, injury, disease, and fear and distress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When were IACUCs (Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees) mandated?

    <p>1979</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who introduced the concept of speciesism in 1950?

    <p>Singer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Table 39.3 provide indicators of in several common laboratory animals?

    <p>Pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the US Government Principles for Utilization and Care of Vertebrate Animals Used in Testing, Research, and Training endorse?

    <p>Responsibilities of investigators</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the ethical theories Deontology and Utilitarianism focus on?

    <p>Animal welfare and research ethics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the ethical guidelines and principles outlined in the text serve as?

    <p>A framework for the responsible and ethical conduct of animal research and experimentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the principles emphasize for procedures causing more than momentary or slight pain or distress?

    <p>The use of appropriate sedation, analgesia, or anesthesia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of the ethical considerations in animal research highlighted in the text?

    <p>The welfare of animals used in biomedical activities and the ethical theories guiding such practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of laboratory animal medicine?

    <p>Diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases in laboratory animals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does animal welfare in research primarily involve?

    <p>Providing water, food, proper handling, health care, and an appropriate environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the aim of the veterinary profession in relation to animal welfare?

    <p>Improving animal health and welfare through scientific research, education, collaboration, advocacy, and legislation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of comparative medicine?

    <p>Studying abnormal structure and function in people, animals, and plants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does laboratory animal science encompass?

    <p>Scientific and technical information, knowledge, and skills relevant to laboratory animal care and medicine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of animal experimentation?

    <p>Gaining new biological knowledge or solving specific medical, veterinary, dental, or biological problems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does animal welfare in research aim to minimize?

    <p>Fear, pain, stress, and suffering</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the conservation and management of animal populations aim to be?

    <p>Humane, socially responsible, and scientifically prudent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of laboratory animal care?

    <p>Disease control of laboratory animals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the first legislation addressing animals in research?

    <p>Concern for animal welfare</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does laboratory animal medicine primarily focus on?

    <p>Diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases in animals used in biomedical activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the text emphasize about the treatment of animals in laboratory settings?

    <p>Emphasizing their well-being and the responsible use for scientific and medical purposes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is considered the founder of modern anatomy?

    <p>Andreas Vesalius</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is often referred to as the founder of experimental medicine?

    <p>Claude Bernard</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was the recipient of the first DVM degree in the US?

    <p>D.E. Salmon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was the first veterinarian to attain full professorship for laboratory animal medicine-related academic activities?

    <p>Dr. Carl F. Schlotthauer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was the first veterinarian to fill a position in laboratory animal medicine at an American medical research institution?

    <p>Dr. Simon D. Brimhall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was the founder of ACP/AALAS and its first president?

    <p>Dr. Nathan R. Brewer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who chaired the National Academy of Sciences committee that wrote the first edition of the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals?

    <p>Dr. Bennett Cohen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is credited as possibly the first to perform experiments on living animals, establishing the trachea as an air tube and the lungs as pneumatic organs in pigs?

    <p>Erasistratus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who performed anatomical dissections of pigs, monkeys, and other species?

    <p>Galen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is recognized as the first lab animal veterinarian?

    <p>D.E. Salmon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is considered a veterinary pioneer in comparative medicine and women's health?

    <p>D.E. Salmon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is known as one of the five founders of ACP (American College of Physicians)?

    <p>D.E. Salmon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Animal Welfare and Research Ethics

    • Aristotle is considered the founder of biology and conducted the first dissections revealing internal differences among animals.
    • Erasistratus is credited as possibly the first to perform experiments on living animals, establishing the trachea as an air tube and the lungs as pneumatic from pigs.
    • The Cruelty to Animals Act (1876) in Great Britain was the first legislation reflecting concern for animals in research, emphasizing licensed researchers using animals, particularly in painful research and the use of anesthesia.
    • The Five Freedoms, proposed by Brambell and adopted by the UK Farm Animal Welfare Advisory Council in 1979, include freedom from hunger and thirst, discomfort, pain, injury, disease, and fear and distress.
    • IACUCs (Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees) were mandated in 1979, and the concept of speciesism was introduced by Singer in 1950.
    • Table 39.3 provides indicators of pain in several common laboratory animals, including general behavior, appearance, and other characteristics.
    • The Guide endorses the responsibilities of investigators, as stated in the US Government Principles for Utilization and Care of Vertebrate Animals Used in Testing, Research, and Training.
    • The principles include considerations for transportation, care, and use of animals, relevance of procedures to human or animal health, minimum number of animals required, and proper use of animals.
    • The principles also emphasize the use of appropriate sedation, analgesia, or anesthesia for procedures causing more than momentary or slight pain or distress, and the provision of appropriate living conditions for animals.
    • Deontology, based on the idea of right and wrong, and utilitarianism, which looks at the consequences of actions, are ethical theories relevant to animal welfare and research ethics.
    • The text highlights the importance of ethical considerations in animal research, including the welfare of animals used in biomedical activities and the ethical theories guiding such practices.
    • The ethical guidelines and principles outlined in the text serve as a framework for the responsible and ethical conduct of animal research and experimentation, emphasizing the welfare and well-being of animals involved.

    History of Laboratory Animal Medicine

    • PHS Policy emphasizes minimizing distress, pain, and discomfort in animal research, and the use of humane endpoints.
    • Toe-clipping is an invasive method of identification, preferred for neonatal mice up to 7 days old, especially for genotyping, and should be done aseptically with appropriate anesthesia.
    • Erasistratus was probably the first to perform experiments on living animals, establishing the trachea as an air tube and the lungs as pneumatic organs in pigs.
    • Galen performed anatomical dissections of pigs, monkeys, and other species.
    • Andreas Vesalius is considered the founder of modern anatomy.
    • Claude Bernard is often referred to as the founder of experimental medicine.
    • D.E. Salmon was the recipient of the first DVM degree in the US.
    • The first Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (SPCA) was established in England.
    • Dr. Carl F. Schlotthauer was the first veterinarian to attain full professorship for laboratory animal medicine-related academic activities.
    • Dr. Simon D. Brimhall was the first veterinarian to fill a position in laboratory animal medicine at an American medical research institution.
    • Dr. Nathan R. Brewer was the founder of ACP/AALAS and its first president.
    • Dr. Bennett Cohen chaired the National Academy of Sciences committee that wrote the first edition of the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals and founded the Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine at the University of Michigan.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of animal welfare, research ethics, and the history of laboratory animal medicine with this informative quiz. Explore the milestones, ethical theories, legislation, and key figures that have shaped the field of animal research and the care of laboratory animals.

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