31 Questions
SA2210 Laboratory Animal Technical Skills Part III: Understanding the Animal Research Environment Part III: Understanding the Animal Research Environment MacroEnvironment
Macroenvironment
Determining Animal Room Environment Parameters 1. What to Monitor
Basics
Setpoints
Temperature, Humidity, Ventilation
Methods
Air Quality
How of Monitoring Often to Monitor
Life Considerations
Determining Setpoints versus What is the Minimum
Noise
Temperature
Table 30-70%
Humidity
10-15 fresh air changes/hr
Lighting
lux, foot candles maximum 85 decibel
Vibration
attempts should be made to identify all vibration sources and isolate or dampen them with vibration suppression systems
Physical Plant Life Support
Maintenance, Replacement, Backup power, Building materials, Heating, Cooling, Lighting, Security
Part III of the text discusses understanding the animal research environment, focusing on the , semi- macro- and micro-environment, safety and oversight, and zoonoses.
aquatic
Most animals used in research are ______, meaning they vary their internal body temperature based on external environmental temperature.
poikilothermic
Latex gloves and ______/cleaning agents are used in animal research, with specific procedures for handling and disposal.
chemical
The animal research environment includes a life support system (LSS) with water as a key factor, requiring water sources, maintenance, and ______.
filtration
Employee safety is a priority in animal research, with prevention of ______, sickness, and injury for both humans and animals.
exposure
Animal safety includes proper handling, transport, and disposal of animal wastes, biohazardous agents, chemical waste, animal carcasses, and ______ waste.
sharps
Disposal by licensed vendors involves the ______ incineration of wastes.
government-licensed
Zoonoses are diseases that can be transmitted from animals to humans and include common diseases such as tetanus, ______, cryptosporidiosis, herpes B, tularemia/rabbit fever, coronaviruses/SARS, hoof stock diseases, and others.
rabies
Laboratory animal allergens (LAA) are allergic reactions related to animal proteins in skin, ______, urine, and feces, and can affect up to 44% of people.
saliva
Common lab animal sources of LAA include ______, rats, rabbits, cats, guinea pigs, and dogs.
mice
Animal Research Environment: MicroEnvironment, Macro Environment, Importance of ______, Assessment of animal needs in primary and secondary enclosures
Planning
Micro______: Provide sufficient space, supplementary structures, resources, prevent abnormal brain development, physiologic dysfunction, behavioral disorders
Environment
Macro ______: Temperature, Humidity, Ventilation, Air Quality, Lighting, Noise, Vibration
Environment
Housing Design: Sharp Edges, Impair Ability to Disinfect/Sanitize, Accessibility to Food & Water, Slip Resistant, Solid, Perforated, Slated, Smooth, Texture
Surfaces
Food: Palatable, Uncontaminated, Meet Nutritional & Behavioral Needs, Natural Ingredient, Certified, Purified, Chemically Defined, Irradiated, Fortified, Extruded
Diet
______: Allow Species Specific Behavior, Absorb Urine & Feces, Decrease Microorganism Growth, Gas Buildup (ammonia, CO2), Paper (white, newspaper), Wood (aspen, pine, beech/birch/maple blend), Bed-o’Cob, Enrichment mixed in or not
Bedding
______: Drinking Source (Bottle or Automatic), Potable & Uncontaminated, ______ Source (Well, Municipal, etc.), ______ Treatment (Filtered, Autoclaved, Acidified)
Water
______: Provide sensory and motor stimulation, promote psychological well-being, species-specific behaviors, minimize stress, impact overall health, prevent aggression, excessive calories, physical damage to body, social interaction
Enrichment
Housing ______: Social Needs, Naturally Social or Territorial, Age, Weight, Sex, Experimental Needs
Density
Species Specific ______ & Special Considerations: Predator or Prey, Innate Fear Response, Mice & Marbles, Monkey & Snakes, Social Needs, Foraging ______, Nesting ______, Remote Monitoring, Nude Mice
Behavior
Study Notes
- Doors, Windows, Corridors, Floors: Durability, Moisture proof, Vermin proof, Fire resistant
- Related to General Population: Basement vs Upper Floor
- Monitoring & Trend Tracking: Physical Monitoring, Online/Digital, Benefits, Negatives, Notification of Issues, Notification Monitoring of Issues
- Animal Research Environment: MicroEnvironment, Macro Environment, Importance of Planning, Assessment of animal needs in primary and secondary enclosures
- MicroEnvironment: Provide sufficient space, supplementary structures, resources, prevent abnormal brain development, physiologic dysfunction, behavioral disorders
- Macro Environment: Temperature, Humidity, Ventilation, Air Quality, Lighting, Noise, Vibration
- Physical Factors of Housing: NON-Toxicity, Security, Prevent Escape, Prevent Entrapment, Durability, Lack Of Corrosion/Rusting, Stand Up to Regular Cleaning & Handling
- Housing Design: Sharp Edges, Impair Ability to Disinfect/Sanitize, Accessibility to Food & Water, Slip Resistant, Solid, Perforated, Slated, Smooth, Texture
- Food: Palatable, Uncontaminated, Meet Nutritional & Behavioral Needs, Natural Ingredient, Certified, Purified, Chemically Defined, Irradiated, Fortified, Extruded
- Bedding: Allow Species Specific Behavior, Absorb Urine & Feces, Decrease Microorganism Growth, Gas Buildup (ammonia, CO2), Paper (white, newspaper), Wood (aspen, pine, beech/birch/maple blend), Bed-o’Cob, Enrichment mixed in or not
- Water: Drinking Source (Bottle or Automatic), Potable & Uncontaminated, Water Source (Well, Municipal, etc.), Water Treatment (Filtered, Autoclaved, Acidified)
- Enrichment: Provide sensory and motor stimulation, promote psychological well-being, species-specific behaviors, minimize stress, impact overall health, prevent aggression, excessive calories, physical damage to body, social interaction
- Housing Density: Social Needs, Naturally Social or Territorial, Age, Weight, Sex, Experimental Needs
- Cleaning Frequency: Housing Density, Husbandry Practices, Caging Type, Static IVC, Large Animal System, Cage Parts (Bottom Wire Bar, Lid/Filter Top, Water Bottle, Kennels, Pans)
- Species Specific Behavior & Special Considerations: Predator or Prey, Innate Fear Response, Mice & Marbles, Monkey & Snakes, Social Needs, Foraging Behavior, Nesting Behavior, Remote Monitoring, Nude Mice.
Note: These bullet points are designed for a quick reference to the key facts and context presented in the text. They are not an exhaustive list and are not meant to replace reading and understanding the full text.
Test your understanding of monitoring the physical environment in an animal research facility, including determining what to monitor, setpoints, methods, and frequency of monitoring.
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