03 Part III Animal Research Environment.pptx
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SA2210 Laboratory Animal Technical Skills Part III: Understanding the Animal Research Environment Part III: Understanding the Animal Research Environment MacroEnvironment “ Macroenvironment: The physical environment of the secondary enclosure (e.g., a room, a barn, or an outdoor habitat) Guide,...
SA2210 Laboratory Animal Technical Skills Part III: Understanding the Animal Research Environment Part III: Understanding the Animal Research Environment MacroEnvironment “ Macroenvironment: The physical environment of the secondary enclosure (e.g., a room, a barn, or an outdoor habitat) Guide, 8th Edition ” Determining Animal Room Environment Parameters 1. What to Monitor 2. Setpoints 3. Methods 4. How of Monitoring Often to Monitor Determining What to Monitor Basics Temperature, Ventilation, Humidity Air Quality Lighting Noise, Vibration Additional Life Considerations Support Physical Plant 5 Determining Setpoints versus What is the Minimum Temperature: Humidity: Table 30-70% Ventilation: 10-15 fresh air changes/hr. 6 “ ” Guide, 8th Edition in response to Air Quality Determining Setpoints versus What is the Minimum Lighting: Noise: lux, foot candles maximum 85 decibel Vibration: “attempts should be made to identify all vibration sources and isolate or dampen them with vibration suppression systems” Level (lux) Location 325 1 m above floor Up to 400 1 m above floor empty room 130-325 Cage Level 8 Life Support and Physical Plant Physical Plant Life Support Maintenance Replacement Backup power Building materials: Heating Cooling Lighting Security Efficient and hygienic? Doors, Windows, Corridors, Floors Drainage Durability Moisture proof Vermin proof Fire resistant Location Related to General Population Basement v Upper Floor 9 Determining Methods of Monitoring & Trend Tracking Physical Monitoring Online/Digital Benefits Benefits Negatives Negatives Notification of Issues Notification Monitoring of Issues 10 Why Monitoring & Trend Tracking Matters Light (lux) 600 Light (lux) 350 300 250 200 500 400 300 150 100 50 0 200 100 0 11 “ Importance of Planning Assessment of the potential effects of noise on an animal warrants consideration of the intensity, frequency, rapidity of onset, duration, and vibration potential of the sound and the hearing range, noise exposure history, and sound effect susceptibility of the species, stock, or strain. Similarly, occupational exposure to animal or animal care practices that generate noise may be of concern for personnel and, if of sufficient intensity, may warrant hearing protection. Guide 8th Edition ” 12 Part III: Understanding the Animal Research Environment MicroEnvironment “ Microenvironment: The immediate physical environment surrounding the animal (i.e.., the environment in the primary enclosure such as the cage, pen, or stall). Guide, 8th Edition ” Quick Comparison Macro Environment “The physical environment of the secondary enclosure (e.g., a room, a barn, or an outdoor habitat)” Basics Temperature, Humidity Ventilation, Air Quality Lighting Noise, Vibration Micro Environment “The immediate physical environment surrounding the animal (i.e.., the environment in the primary enclosure such as the cage, pen, or stall)” “…provide sufficient space as well as supplementary structures and resources required to meet physical, physiologic, and behavioral needs. Environments that fail to meet the animals’ needs may result in abnormal brain development, physiologic dysfunction, and behavioral disorders that may compromise both animal well-being and scientific validity. The primary enclosure or space may need to be enriched to prevent such effects..” Macro Environment items at cage level Additional Considerations Life Support Physical Plant Micro Environment Factors to Consider Physical Factors of Housing Bedding, Food, Water Sourcing Enrichment Housing Density Cleaning Frequency Species Specific Behavior & Special Considerations Physical Factors of Housing Toxicity: NONE!!!!!!! Security Prevent Escape Prevent Entrapment Durability Lack Of Corrosion/Rusting Stand Up to Regular Cleaning & Handling Design Sharp Edges Impair Ability to Disinfect/Sanitize Accessibility to Food & Water Static, Individually Ventilated Caging (IVC), Large Animal System Floor Type: Slip Resistant Solid, Perforated, Slated Smooth, Texture 17 Physical Factors of Housing 18 Sourcing Food Palatable Uncontaminated Meet Nutritional & Behavioral Needs Food Type: Natural Ingredient, Certified, Purified, Chemically Defined, Irradiated, Fortified, Extruded 19 Sourcing Bedding Allow Species Specific Behavior Absorb Urine & Feces Decrease Microorganism Growth, Gas Buildup (ammonia, CO2) Bedding Type Paper (white, newspaper) Wood: aspen, pine, beech/birch/maple blend Bed-o’Cob Enrichment mixed in or not 20 Sourcing Water Drinking Source: Bottle or Automatic Potable & Uncontaminated Water Source: Well, Municipal, etc. Water Treatment Filtered (what do you filter out?) Autoclaved Acidified 21 Enrichment Factors “…primary aim of environmental enrichment is to enhance animal well-being by providing animals with sensory and motor stimulation, through structures and resources that facilitate the expression of speciestypical behaviors and promote psychological well-being through physical exercise, manipulative activities, and cognitive challenges according to species-specific characteristics..” Species Specific Behaviors occurring? Enhance NOT Stress Impact to Overall Health Rotation/Replacement Provide Choice/Ability to Control Aggression Excessive Calories Physical Damage to Body Social Interaction Humans Own Species Other Species 22 Housing Density Factors Social Needs Naturally Social? Territorial Behavior or Communal? Age Weight Sex Experimental Needs 23 Cleaning Frequency Factors Housing Density Husbandry Practices Caging Type Static IVC: Individual Ventilated Caging Large Animal System Cage Parts Bottom Wire Bar Lid Lid/Filter Top Water Bottle Kennels Pans 24 Species Specific Behavior & Special Considerations Predator or Prey? Innate Fear Response Mice & Marbles Monkey & Snakes Social Needs Naturally Social? Territorial Behavior or Communal? Foraging Behavior Nesting Behavior Remote Monitoring within Cage Nude Mice Go to links: https://youtu.be/wiF19ozqWeM?feature=shared https://youtu.be/CZ6R63pXKSQ?feature=shared https://youtu.be/FMvErQ7tPP4?feature=shared 25 Part III: Understanding the Animal Research Environment Aquatic, Semi-Aquatic Macro- and Micro- Environment Macro Intermingling with Micro with Varying Responses Humidity Ventilation Temperature Majority in Research are Poikilotherm: An animal that varies its internal body temperature within a wide range of temperatures, usually as a result of variation in the environmental temperature Noise & Vibration Through Water Lighting Concerns Physical Plant Room Temp, Room Water Temp, & Tank Water Temp Must Work Together Aspects that are the same as Terrestrial Additional Concern Housing-Ability Keep Clean, Density Enrichment for Reproduction & Needs Safety Considerations Latex Gloves Chemical/Cleaning Agents 27 Macro Intermingling with Micro with Varying Responses Cleaning Frequency Aspects that are the same as Terrestrial Additional Concerns Basic Food Considerations Aspects that are the same as Terrestrial Additional Concerns: Methods & Frequency, Determining Type of Food Providing Food 28 Life Support System (LSS) Same Factors as Terrestrial with Additional Component of WATER LSS Water Source for Water LSS System Maintenance Uncontaminated Toxin Leeching Risk Assessment Surface, Protected (Well, Aquifer), Municipal, Artificial (Reverse Osmosis, Distilled) Water Treatment Filter Maintenance 6 Gases & Wastes Tracking, Concerns Water and/or Electricity Loss 3 Types of Water LSS 4 Types of Water Filtration Within LSS 3 Types of Water LSS Water Filtration within LSS 1. 2. 3. 4. Biofilter Carbon Filter UV Ozone 6 Concerns within LSS 1. salt (conductivity, salinity) 2. pH 3. Nitrogenous Waste Buildup 4. Dissolved Oxygen 5. Total Gas Pressure 6. Chlorine 6 Concerns within LSS 1. salt (conductivity, salinity) 2. pH 3. Nitrogenous Waste Buildup 4. Dissolved Oxygen 5. Total Gas Pressure 6. Chlorine Part III: Understanding the Animal Research Environment Animals, Animal Work, & Waste Removal Safety & Oversight Employee Safety Prevent Exposure Prevent Sickness Prevent Injury Environmental Safety Prevent Contamination Prevent Pollution Animal Safety Safety & Oversight Government Federal State Local Employer Department This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY How Does it Goes Out Waste Removal System 1: Duct Transport System How it Works Positives Negatives This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND How Does it Goes Out Waste Removal System 2: Manual Transport System How it Works Positives Negatives What Goes Out? 1. Animal Wastes 2. Biohazardous Agents 3. Chemical Hazard Agents 4. Animal Carcasses 5. Sharps Animal Wastes w/o Hazards Removal Typical: General Garbage Possible: Special Labeling, Tracking with or without special bags Disposal Method: Duct and/or manual Biohazardous Agent Waste Disposal Removal: Dictated disposal methods to ensure safety Disposal Method: Manual Transport System Only Autoclave Decontamination Process with special disposal Packaging Method Red bags within specific boxes Must be labeled for disposal by licensed vendor Chemical Hazardous Waste Disposal Removal: Dictated disposal methods to ensure safety Tying or Taping Bags: Why does it matter? Disposal Method: Manual Transport System Only Decontamination by Disinfectant w processing NEVER Autoclave Chemical Waste Packaging Method: Yellow Bags within Same Boxes as Haz Waste Labeled for Disposal by Licensed Vendor Animal Carcass Disposal Removal Dismemberment Prior to Packaging Use of Special Drums Based on Animal Weight Special Labeling/Tracking of Waste Disposal Method: Manual Transport ONLY Packaging Method: Within Same Boxes as Haz Waste Labeled for Disposal by Licensed Vendor Sharps Waste Disposal Removal What goes in a sharps container???? Recapping Rules Disposal Method Manual Transport only NEVER Autoclave Sharps Containers Packaging Method: Within Same Boxes as Haz Waste Labeled for Disposal by Licensed Vendor What is ‘Disposal by Licensed Vendor’? Vendor is Licensed by Government to Incinerate Wastes Tracking System for Pickup, Receiving at Site, Disposal, and Confirmation of Incineration Part III: Understanding the Animal Research Environment Safety for All… Zoonoses Zoonoses A disease which can be transmitted to humans from animals Common Zoonoses Tetanus: Bites, Scratches Multiple Species: Rabies, Cryptosporidiosis Herpes B Tularemia/Rabbit Fever Coronaviruses/SARS Hoof Stock:, Campylobacteriosis, E. coli, Qfever, Mad cow Disease Bartonella henselae/Cat Scratch Fever What we Can Give NHPs 2 Things we can pass along 1. 2. Measles TB How to Prevent: Health Surveillance program for all people with access to animals Part III: Understanding the Animal Research Environment Safety for All… Laboratory Animal Allergens (LAA)….. What are LAA? Definition: Allergic Reactions Related to Animal Proteins in Skin, Saliva, Urine, Feces 11-44% Rate of Allergy Response 2 Ways Exposure Occurs 1. Inhalation 2. Direct Contact 6 Common Lab Animal Sources 1.Mice 2.Rats 3.Rabbits 4.Cats 5.Guinea pigs 6.Dogs 4 Ways to Prevent LAA Exposure 1.Work Uniform Do Not Take Work Home, Possible Options 2. PPE 3. Ventilated Work Stations: HEPA filters with ‘Air Curtains’ to Contain Allergens (Synonyms: Hood, BSC, Cabinet, Laminar Flow, Pass Thru, etc.) 4.Hygienic Behavior Remove Uniform and/or PPE, Wash Hands with Soap and Water If Leaving Area and not available, use Hand Sanitizer Contact Information Julia Krout • Email: [email protected] • Phone Number: 215-489-2365 • Office Hours: Sign up at https://calendly.com/jkdvu and choose in person (Mandell 236) or Zoom
