Earth and Life Science- First Semester (2nd Quarter)
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Questions and Answers

Which stage in a plant's life cycle produces sex cells?

  • Diploid
  • Reproduction
  • Gametophyte (correct)
  • Embryo

    • What is the male gametophyte in flowering plants?

  • Pollen grains (correct)
  • Stigma
  • Embryo sac
  • Ovary

    • Which part of the flower is specialized to receive pollen grains?

  • Stigma (correct)
  • Ovary
  • Carpel
  • Style

    • Which structure in the flower produces pollen grains?

    <p>Anther</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process called when pollen is transferred from the anther to the stigma?

    <p>Pollination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma of another plant?

    <p>Cross-Pollination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the endosperm in plant reproduction?

    <p>Nourishment for the growing embryo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During in vitro fertilization (IVF), the eggs are retrieved from the woman's ovary and fertilized in a culture medium. When does the egg retrieval typically take place after the injection of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)?

    <p>34-36 hours after the injection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of ovarian stimulation in IVF?

    <p>To produce multiple mature follicles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are the sperms obtained for in vitro fertilization?

    <p>From the man's semen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During internal fertilization, where does the union of gametes occur?

    <p>Inside the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of asexual reproduction involves the splitting of new individuals from an existing organism by forming small projections called buds?

    <p>Budding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the release of an egg from one of a woman's ovaries?

    <p>Ovulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does pregnancy begin?

    <p>During implantation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which week does the fetus develop hundreds of thousands of eggs in the ovaries of biologically female fetuses?

    <p>Week 15 - 16</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which genes from one organism are transferred into another organism of an entirely different species?

    <p>Genetic Engineering</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the molecule that contains the genetic code of organisms?

    <p>DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) in reproduction?

    <p>It is made by cells formed in the placenta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During in vitro fertilization (IVF), when is the embryo transfer typically performed?

    <p>On day 2, 3 or 5 post-fertilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the hysterosalpingogram in the IVF process?

    <p>To assess the condition of the woman's uterus and fallopian tubes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of ovarian stimulation in IVF?

    <p>To produce multiple mature follicles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in IVF?

    <p>To trigger ovulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are the sperms obtained for in vitro fertilization (IVF)?

    <p>From the testicle, epididymis, or vas deferens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During in vitro fertilization (IVF), when are the eggs typically retrieved from the woman's ovary?

    <p>48 hours after the injection of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of ovarian stimulation in the IVF process?

    <p>To produce multiple mature follicles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During in vitro fertilization (IVF), where are the sperms obtained from?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process called when the eggs are fertilized outside the woman's body in a culture medium?

    <p>In vitro fertilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does the embryo transfer typically take place during in vitro fertilization (IVF)?

    <p>On day 5 post-fertilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chamber of the heart is responsible for pumping oxygenated blood to tissues all over the body?

    <p>Left ventricle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which valve is located between the left atrium and the left ventricle?

    <p>Mitral valve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which blood vessel carries oxygenated blood to the entire body from the left ventricle?

    <p>Aorta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which blood vessel carries used blood from the legs, pelvis, and abdomen into the right atrium?

    <p>Inferior vena cava</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of arteries in the circulatory system?

    <p>Carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of circulation carries oxygenated blood away from the heart and to other parts of the body?

    <p>Open Circulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chamber of the heart is responsible for pumping oxygenated blood to tissues all over the body?

    <p>Left ventricle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which valve is located between the left atrium and the left ventricle?

    <p>Mitral valve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which blood vessel carries oxygen-rich blood away from the heart and where it needs to go?

    <p>Aorta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which blood vessel carries used blood from the legs, pelvis, and abdomen into the right atrium?

    <p>Inferior vena cava</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of circulation carries oxygen-depleted blood away from the heart, to the lungs, and back to the heart?

    <p>Closed Circulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which blood vessel carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs?

    <p>Pulmonary Artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chamber of the heart is responsible for pumping blood to the lungs?

    <p>Right Ventricle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of veins in the circulatory system?

    <p>Carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of coronary circulation?

    <p>Provide the heart with oxygenated blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the nervous system is responsible for sensing, processing information, and responding to stimuli?

    <p>Central Nervous System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of neuron receives the initial stimulus from sense organs such as the eyes and skin?

    <p>Sensory Neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cell body of a neuron called?

    <p>Cyton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter is responsible for controlling muscle contraction, heart rate, digestion, and memory?

    <p>Acetylcholine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for any variety of movement that results in progression from one place to another?

    <p>Locomotion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is responsible for decreasing blood calcium levels?

    <p>Calcitonin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ produces insulin to lower glucose levels in the blood?

    <p>Pancreas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone stimulates the thickening of the uterine lining?

    <p>Progesterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone supports sperm production and promotes secondary characteristics in males?

    <p>Androgen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the nervous system is responsible for sensing, processing information, and responding to stimuli?

    <p>Central Nervous System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is responsible for regulating sleep, mood, and eating?

    <p>Serotonin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the myelin sheath?

    <p>Speeds up the transmission of nerve impulses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of neuron carries the nerve impulses away from the cell body?

    <p>Motor Neuron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the adrenal gland hormone adrenaline (epinephrine)?

    <p>Responsible for the fight or flight response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the thymus gland hormone thymosin?

    <p>Stimulates T lymphocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is responsible for promoting and maintaining the primary and secondary characteristics of females?

    <p>Estrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter is responsible for regulating sleep, mood, and eating?

    <p>Serotonin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the nervous system is responsible for processing information and transferring it from sensory neurons to motor neurons?

    <p>Interneurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the protective covering of nerves that speeds up the transmission of nerve impulses called?

    <p>Myelin sheath</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the hormone responsible for the fight or flight response?

    <p>Adrenaline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which plant hormone is responsible for stimulating cell division and the making of new plant organs?

    <p>Cytokinin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which plant hormone exists as a gas and affects ripening and rotting in plants?

    <p>Ethylene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which plant hormone is produced to alert the rest of the plant that it is water stressed?

    <p>Abscisic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which plant hormone is easiest to see the absence of in dwarf plants and rosette plants?

    <p>Gibberellin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which plant hormone can diffuse through the plant's tissue, outside the plant, and travel through the air to affect a different plant?

    <p>Ethylene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the plant hormone responsible for promoting cell division and the making of new plant organs like roots or shoots?

    <p>Cytokinin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which plant hormone exists as a gas and can affect the ripening and rotting of plants?

    <p>Ethylene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the plant hormone that is produced to alert the rest of the plant that it is water stressed?

    <p>Abscisic Acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which plant hormone is involved in repair and can help a wounded plant fix itself?

    <p>Cytokinin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which plant hormone is produced in the root apical meristem and travels upward through the stem with water?

    <p>Cytokinin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which plant hormone is involved in cell division and the making of new plant organs?

    <p>Cytokinin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which plant hormone is responsible for ripening and rotting in plants?

    <p>Ethylene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which plant hormone is produced to alert the rest of the plant that it is water stressed?

    <p>Abscisic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which plant hormone is easiest to see the absence of in dwarf plants and rosette plants?

    <p>Gibberellin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which plant hormone can travel upward through the stem with water?

    <p>Cytokinin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of evidence of evolution is based on the embryological features of organisms?

    <p>Comparative Embryology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of structure is the arm of man, the fin of the whale, the wing of the bat, and the leg of the dog an example of?

    <p>Homologous Structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of structure is the wing of a bird and the wing of a bat an example of?

    <p>Analogous Structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of structure is the human appendix an example of?

    <p>Vestigial Structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of evidence of evolution looks closely at the role of mutations in genes in the evolution of life on earth?

    <p>Molecular Biology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of evidence of evolution is based on the embryological features of organisms?

    <p>Comparative Embryology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure in the flower produces pollen grains?

    <p>Anther</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of structure is the human appendix an example of?

    <p>Vestigial Structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of ovarian stimulation in IVF?

    <p>To increase the chances of multiple eggs being produced</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which plant hormone is produced to alert the rest of the plant that it is water stressed?

    <p>Abscisic Acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of evidence of evolution is based on the embryological features of organisms?

    <p>Comparative Anatomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of structure is the wing of a bird and the wing of a bat an example of?

    <p>Analogous Structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of structure is the human appendix an example of?

    <p>Vestigial Structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of evidence of evolution looks closely at the role of mutations in genes in the evolution of life on Earth?

    <p>Molecular Biology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory states that the continents were connected as a single supercontinent called Pangaea?

    <p>Continental Drift Theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to organisms that can produce their own food?

    <p>Producers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to autotrophs that utilize chemicals in their environment to produce their own food?

    <p>Chemosynthetic autotrophs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to autotrophs that use sunlight to produce their own food?

    <p>Photosynthetic autotrophs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to organisms that depend on other organisms for food?

    <p>Consumers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to organisms that break down other organisms' remains and other wastes?

    <p>Decomposers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of autotrophs utilize chemicals in their environment to produce their own food?

    <p>Chemosynthetic autotrophs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of autotrophs use sunlight to produce their own food?

    <p>Photosynthetic autotrophs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of consumers consume other animals?

    <p>Carnivores</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of consumers consume both plants and animals?

    <p>Omnivores</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which role is responsible for breaking down other organisms' remains and other wastes?

    <p>Saprotrophs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of autotrophs utilize sunlight to produce their own food?

    <p>Producers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for organisms that depend on other organisms for food?

    <p>Consumers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of consumers consume producers such as plants and algae?

    <p>Herbivores</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for organisms that break down other organisms' remains and other wastes?

    <p>Decomposers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a set of overlapping food chains in an ecosystem?

    <p>Food Web</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of autotrophs utilize chemicals in their environment to produce their own food?

    <p>Chemosynthetic autotrophs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for organisms that break down other organisms' remains and other wastes?

    <p>Decomposers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the myelin sheath?

    <p>To transmit nerve impulses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of coronary circulation?

    <p>To supply oxygenated blood to the heart muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma of another plant?

    <p>Pollination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Plant Reproduction

    • Meiosis, a stage in a plant's life cycle, produces sex cells.
    • The male gametophyte in flowering plants is pollen.
    • The stigma is specialized to receive pollen grains.
    • Anthers produce pollen grains.
    • Pollination is the process of transferring pollen from the anther to the stigma.
    • Cross-pollination is the transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma of another plant.
    • The purpose of the endosperm in plant reproduction is to nourish the developing embryo.

    Human Reproduction

    • In vitro fertilization (IVF) involves retrieving eggs from the woman's ovary and fertilizing them in a culture medium.
    • Egg retrieval typically takes place 36 hours after the injection of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG).
    • Ovarian stimulation in IVF helps to increase the number of eggs retrieved.
    • Sperms are obtained for IVF through masturbation or surgical extraction.
    • Internal fertilization occurs in the fallopian tube.
    • Ovulation is the release of an egg from one of a woman's ovaries.
    • Pregnancy begins when a fertilized egg implants in the uterus.
    • During the 12th week of pregnancy, the fetus develops hundreds of thousands of eggs in the ovaries of biologically female fetuses.

    Genetics and Evolution

    • Genetic engineering involves transferring genes from one organism to another of a different species.
    • DNA is the molecule that contains the genetic code of organisms.
    • Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) stimulates the release of eggs from the ovary during IVF.

    Circulatory System

    • The left ventricle is responsible for pumping oxygenated blood to tissues all over the body.
    • The bicuspid valve is located between the left atrium and the left ventricle.
    • The aorta carries oxygenated blood to the entire body from the left ventricle.
    • The inferior and superior vena cavae carry used blood from the legs, pelvis, and abdomen into the right atrium.
    • Arteries distribute oxygenated blood to the body.
    • Pulmonary circulation carries oxygen-depleted blood away from the heart, to the lungs, and back to the heart.
    • The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs.

    Nervous System

    • The central nervous system is responsible for sensing, processing information, and responding to stimuli.
    • Sensory neurons receive the initial stimulus from sense organs such as the eyes and skin.
    • The cell body of a neuron is called the soma.
    • Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter responsible for controlling muscle contraction, heart rate, digestion, and memory.
    • Locomotion is any variety of movement that results in progression from one place to another.

    Hormones

    • Calcitonin decreases blood calcium levels.
    • The pancreas produces insulin to lower glucose levels in the blood.
    • Progesterone stimulates the thickening of the uterine lining.
    • Testosterone supports sperm production and promotes secondary characteristics in males.
    • Melatonin regulates sleep, mood, and eating.

    Plant Hormones

    • Auxins stimulate cell division and the making of new plant organs.
    • Ethylene exists as a gas and affects ripening and rotting in plants.
    • Abscisic acid is produced to alert the rest of the plant that it is water stressed.
    • Gibberellins are involved in cell division and the making of new plant organs.
    • Cytokinins are involved in repair and help a wounded plant fix itself.

    Evolution

    • Embryological features of organisms provide evidence for evolution.
    • Homologous structures, such as the arm of man, the fin of the whale, the wing of the bat, and the leg of the dog, are examples of similar structures in different organisms.
    • Analogous structures, such as the wing of a bird and the wing of a bat, are examples of similar functions in different organisms.
    • Vestigial structures, such as the human appendix, are remnants of organs that were once functional in ancestors.
    • Mutations in genes provide evidence for evolution.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the different modes of reproduction in animals with this quiz! Learn about external and internal fertilization, as well as asexual reproduction. Challenge yourself to see how well you understand the various methods animals use to reproduce and create offspring.

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