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Biology: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants
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Biology: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants

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Questions and Answers

What is a defining characteristic of cross-pollination?

  • Transfer of pollen between flowers of different plants (correct)
  • Transfer of pollen by wind only
  • Transfer of pollen within flowers of the same plant
  • Transfer of pollen within the same flower
  • Which agent is NOT typically responsible for pollination?

  • Rain (correct)
  • Bees
  • Wind
  • Birds
  • What occurs during double fertilization in flowering plants?

  • Two polar nuclei fuse with two sperm cells
  • One sperm cell fuses with an egg cell and one with polar nuclei (correct)
  • Two egg cells fuse with one sperm cell
  • Two sperm cells fertilize two egg cells
  • Which floral structure is part of the Gynoecium?

    <p>Carpels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the endosperm in seed development?

    <p>Providing nutrients to the embryo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which floral symmetry is characterized by radial arrangement of parts?

    <p>Radial symmetry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At which stage of embryogenesis does the embryo sac form?

    <p>Embryo sac formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens immediately after pollen germination on the stigma?

    <p>Pollen tube growth through the style</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants

    Pollination

    • Definition: Transfer of pollen from anther to stigma of the same or another flower
    • Agents: Bees, butterflies, moths, birds, bats, and wind (anemophily)
    • Types:
      • Self-pollination: within the same flower or between flowers of the same plant
      • Cross-pollination: between flowers of different plants
    • Pollinator attractants: Color, scent, nectar, and shape of flowers

    Fertilization

    • Definition: Fusion of male gamete (sperm) with female gamete (egg) to form a zygote
    • Process:
      1. Pollen germination on stigma
      2. Pollen tube growth through style
      3. Sperm release from pollen tube
      4. Fusion of sperm with egg cell in ovule
    • Double fertilization: One sperm fuses with egg cell, another with polar nuclei to form endosperm

    Floral Morphology

    • Flower structure: Sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels
    • Reproductive organs:
      • Androecium: stamens (male)
      • Gynoecium: carpels (female)
    • Floral symmetry: Radial (actinomorphic) or bilateral (zygomorphic)

    Embryogenesis

    • Definition: Development of embryo from zygote
    • Stages:
      1. Zygote formation
      2. Cell division and growth
      3. Embryo sac formation
      4. Embryo maturation
    • Endosperm development: Triploid tissue providing nutrients to embryo
    • Seed formation: Mature embryo, endosperm, and seed coat

    Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants

    Pollination

    • Pollination is the transfer of pollen from anther to stigma of the same or another flower.
    • Agents of pollination include bees, butterflies, moths, birds, bats, and wind (anemophily).
    • There are two types of pollination: self-pollination, which occurs within the same flower or between flowers of the same plant, and cross-pollination, which occurs between flowers of different plants.
    • Flowers have attractants to lure pollinators, such as color, scent, nectar, and shape.

    Fertilization

    • Fertilization is the fusion of male gamete (sperm) with female gamete (egg) to form a zygote.
    • The process of fertilization involves pollen germination on the stigma, followed by pollen tube growth through the style, then sperm release from the pollen tube, and finally the fusion of sperm with the egg cell in the ovule.
    • Double fertilization occurs in flowering plants, where one sperm fuses with the egg cell to form a zygote, and another sperm fuses with the polar nuclei to form the endosperm.

    Floral Morphology

    • A flower consists of four main parts: sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels.
    • The reproductive organs of a flower are the androecium (male, consisting of stamens) and the gynoecium (female, consisting of carpels).
    • Flowers can have radial (actinomorphic) or bilateral (zygomorphic) symmetry.

    Embryogenesis

    • Embryogenesis is the development of an embryo from a zygote.
    • The stages of embryogenesis include zygote formation, cell division and growth, embryo sac formation, and embryo maturation.
    • The endosperm is a triploid tissue that provides nutrients to the developing embryo.
    • A seed is formed when the embryo, endosperm, and seed coat are fully mature.

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    Description

    Learn about pollination and fertilization in flowering plants, including agents, types, and attractants.

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