Animal Reproduction and Development Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary difference between internal and external fertilization?

  • The temperature required for fertilization
  • The location where sperm and egg unite (correct)
  • The types of species that reproduce
  • The number of gametes produced

    • All animals exhibit internal fertilization.

    False

    Name the three types of embryonic development in animals.

    Oviparity, viviparity, ovoviviparity

    In external fertilization, sperm cells unite with the egg cell ________ the female's body.

    <p>outside</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of internal fertilization?

    <p>High number of gametes produced</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the type of development with its characteristics:

    <p>Oviparity = Eggs are laid outside the body Viviparity = Young develop internally feeding on the mother Ovoviviparity = Eggs hatch inside the mother before birth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    External fertilization generally involves high parental care.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What unique characteristic do male snakes possess for reproduction?

    <p>They have paired copulatory organs called hemipenes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Reptiles exhibit external fertilization.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do male Night Frogs (Nyctibatrachus sp.) do to protect their young?

    <p>They guard their clutch of eggs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The mating ball phenomenon occurs when a female garter snake releases a __________ that attracts male snakes.

    <p>pheromone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their descriptions:

    <p>Hemipenes = Paired copulatory organs in male snakes Oviparous = Organisms that lay eggs Viviparous = Organisms that give birth to live young Amniotic egg = Egg that has a protective membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes oviparity?

    <p>Laying eggs with external fertilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Viviparity allows embryos to develop solely from the yolk provided within the egg.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one animal that undergoes oviparity.

    <p>Frog</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In ____ birth, embryos are retained in the mother’s body until they are ready to hatch.

    <p>ovoviviparous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding ovarviviparity?

    <p>Eggs remain in the mother's body until hatching</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Most mammals exhibit oviparity.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of viviparity for the embryo?

    <p>Access to nutrients and oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In viviparity, the embryo develops within the mother's body and receives nutrients through the ____.

    <p>placenta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following animals is an example of ovoviviparity?

    <p>Seahorse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary process by which most insects reproduce?

    <p>Sexual reproduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Male insects possess a structure called a spermatheca to store sperm.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What chemical signals do female insects produce to attract males during mating?

    <p>Pheromones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The fertilized egg of a cockroach is carried in a sac called the ______.

    <p>ootheca</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following reproductive structures with their functions:

    <p>Testes = Produce sperm Ovaries = Contain ova Vas deferens = Transport sperm Oviduct = Carry ova to the vagina</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the ova after mating?

    <p>They are fertilized by the stored sperm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ejaculatory duct forms from the union of seminal vesicles.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long does it typically take for young nymphs to emerge after fertilization?

    <p>About six weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During mating, the male inserts a package of sperm into the female's ______.

    <p>vagina</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is NOT part of the male reproductive system in insects?

    <p>Spermatheca</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of reproductive method do seahorses employ?

    <p>Ovoviviparous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Frogs have internal fertilization.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is amplexus in frogs?

    <p>The mating position where the male grasps the female during breeding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The male seahorse carries the fertilized eggs in a _______.

    <p>pouch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following urogenital organs with their functions:

    <p>Testicle = Produces spermatozoa Ovary = Produces ova Cloaca = Shared opening for urinary and reproductive tracts Uterus = Holds fertilized egg during development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do male frogs attract female frogs?

    <p>By their mating calls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The male anuran possesses a penis.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does spawning refer to?

    <p>The act of releasing sperm and eggs into the environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Seahorses are a part of the family ______.

    <p>Syngnathidae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the male seahorse play in reproduction?

    <p>Incubating the eggs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Sexual Reproduction in Animals

    • Learning Objectives:
      • Differentiate between internal and external fertilization
      • Differentiate the three types of embryos' development (oviparity, viviparity, ovoviviparity)

    Fertilization

    • External Fertilization:

      • Sperm and egg unite outside the female's body
      • Often occurs in aquatic environments
      • High number of gametes released
      • Massive zygotes produced
      • Often lack parental care
      • Environmental cues (temperature, pheromones) are important for synchronizing release of gametes.

    • Internal Fertilization:

      • Sperm are deposited in or near the female's reproductive tract
      • Union takes place within the female's body.
      • Low number of gametes released.
      • Fewer zygotes produced
      • Often involves parental care
      • Requires complementary mating behavior and reproductive organs between the two sexes

    Embryonic Development

    • Oviparity:

      • Eggs are laid externally
      • Internal or external fertilization
      • Yolk in the egg provides nutrients for the embryo's development
      • Examples: frogs, snakes, lizards, birds, fish

    • Viviparity:

      • Development of the embryos takes place within the female's body
      • Live birth
      • Internal fertilization
      • Nutrients & oxygen are obtained from the female via placenta
      • Mostly in mammals, but rare in fish, reptiles, and amphibians

    • Ovoviviparity:

      • Embryos develop inside eggs retained within the mother's body
      • Live birth
      • Internal fertilization
      • No nutrition is provided except the egg's yolk itself
      • Examples: snakes, stingrays, seahorses, frogs

    Animal Examples

    • Cnidaria (e.g., Hydra):

      • Reproduction involves both sexual and asexual reproduction (budding)
      • Some Hydra species are hermaphroditic (possessing both male and female reproductive organs).
      • Asexual reproduction: Interstitial cells of the ectoderm divide to form swellings that become testes and ovaries.
      • Sexual reproduction: Ovum remains in the ovary, gets fertilized by sperm from the matured testes, developing into a mature Hydra in favorable conditions.

    • Annelida (e.g., Earthworms):

      • Worms are hermaphroditic
      • Reproduce sexually by exchanging sperm during copulation via spermatheca
      • Clitellum secretes a mucous cocoon that slides off the worm, collects eggs from oviduct and sperms from spermatheca.
      • Fertilization takes place within the cocoon, which then slips into the soil, where eggs hatch later after a few weeks.

    • Arthropoda (e.g., Insects):

      • Most insects reproduce sexually.
      • Reproductive adaptations include internal fertilization and oviparity (laying eggs).
      • Some insects exhibit viviparity (live birth).
      • Mating: Female produces chemical cues (pheromones) to attract males; males flap their wings and probe the females' abdomens when they sense the pheromones; during mating, the tips of the abdomens are held together; sperm package is inserted into the vagina.
      • Ootheca: Fertilized eggs are carried in a sac.

    • Osteichthyes (e.g., Seahorses):

      • Ovoviviparous
      • Male incubates fertilized eggs within its pouch.

    • Amphibia (e.g., Frogs):

      • Separate sexes
      • External fertilization
      • Amplexus: Male mounts female, sheds sperm on eggs being laid by the female in the water
      • Spawning is the releasing of sperm and eggs into the water.
      • Parental care exists in some species (incubating eggs on their back or in mouth/stomach)

    • Reptilia (e.g., Snakes and Lizards):

      • Internal fertilization
      • Courtship behaviour & production of amniotic eggs are observed
      • Mostly oviparous or viviparous
      • Hemipenes: paired copulatory organs

    • Aves (e.g., Birds):

      • Internal fertilization
      • 90% of bird species are monogamous
      • Courtship rituals
      • Singing, flamboyant plumage, and offering food all part of attracting mates.
      • Cloacal kiss: copulation involves a kiss with the male on the female's back & twisting his tail under the female

    • Mammalia:

      • Internal fertilization
      • Monotremes (lay eggs)
      • Marsupials (give birth to immature young, which continue to develop in a pouch)
      • Eutherians (placental mammals, where embryo gets nutrients from mother)

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    LU4 Sexual Reproduction (Animal) 2024 PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the differences between internal and external fertilization and various types of embryonic development in animals. This quiz covers essential concepts related to reproductive methods and characteristics in different animal species.

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