Animal Production and Housing Quiz

Questions and Answers

What is the 'comfort zone' temperature range for most farm animals?

20 to 30°C

0 to 10°C

10 to 20°C (correct)

30 to 40°C

What happens at the upper and lower critical temperatures for animals?

Animals will automatically enter a state of hibernation.

Animals are unaffected by environmental temperature changes.

Animals can regulate body temperature through physical means only.

Animals must reduce or increase their metabolic heat production. (correct)

Which livestock species has the greatest ability to sweat?

Pig

Cattle

Sheep

Horse (correct)

What may occur in high humidity conditions that negatively affects livestock?

Fungal infections may thrive. Signup and view all the answers

How does a white hair coat affect a grazing animal's heat absorption?

Absorbs less radiant energy compared to a dark coat. Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of low humidity in the air for livestock?

Irritation of mucous membranes. Signup and view all the answers

What effect does direct solar radiation have on grazing animals?

It increases the heat load on the animals. Signup and view all the answers

What is the ideal relative humidity range for livestock well-being?

40 to 80% Signup and view all the answers

What is the comfort zone temperature range for Zebu cattle?

15 to 27°C Signup and view all the answers

At what ambient temperature does milk production for Zebu cattle begin to decline?

35°C Signup and view all the answers

What is the sensible heat production for a 400 kg dairy cow at an ambient temperature of +12°C?

685 g/h Signup and view all the answers

How much total heat is produced by a 500 kg dairy cow at +12°C?

1045 Wh Signup and view all the answers

What is the moisture production rate for a 200 kg dairy calf at +12°C?

160 g/h Signup and view all the answers

Which weight of Swine has the highest moisture production at an ambient temperature of +16°C?

90 kg Signup and view all the answers

What total heat is produced by a laying hen weighing 2.0 kg at +20°C?

11.7 Wh Signup and view all the answers

What is the ambient temperature where moisture production for 50 kg Swine drops to 75 g/h?

+16°C Signup and view all the answers

What is the total heat production value associated with a 70 kg swine at +16°C?

245 Wh Signup and view all the answers

For a sow with piglets at +16°C, what is its moisture production rate?

340 g/h Signup and view all the answers

What environmental condition is most likely to be lethal for rabbits?

High humidity at high temperatures Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of sunlight for rabbits?

It aids in breeding and growing young. Signup and view all the answers

How does a horse maintain normal body temperature during high temperatures and vigorous exercise?

Through sweating and the evaporation of perspiration Signup and view all the answers

What management practice is recommended for disease control in animal production?

Clean and disinfect pens before transferring new animals Signup and view all the answers

What factor is described as having a marginal effect on animal development and production?

Acoustical factors Signup and view all the answers

Why is an 'all-in, all-out' policy beneficial for disease control?

It reduces contact between existing and new animals. Signup and view all the answers

What might be a risk when pigs squeal prior to feeding?

It could damage the stockman's hearing. Signup and view all the answers

Which environmental stressor most affects the natural defenses of animals?

High humidity and temperature Signup and view all the answers

What factors influence an animal's ability to achieve growth and production?

Genetic and environmental factors Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal body temperature range for a dairy cow?

38.0 - 39.3 °C Signup and view all the answers

What role does the hypothalamus gland have concerning body temperature regulation?

It acts as a thermostat Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following animals has the highest average normal body temperature?

Chicken Signup and view all the answers

How do domestic livestock primarily maintain their body temperature?

By balancing internal heat production with heat loss Signup and view all the answers

What might increased respiration indicate in livestock?

High ambient temperatures Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding environmental factors and animal production?

Environmental factors can limit production efficiency. Signup and view all the answers

What is the average normal body temperature for a horse?

37.9 °C Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of providing a shaded area for animals?

It reduces heat gain by radiation and allows space for heat loss. Signup and view all the answers

What happens to an animal when the air temperature closely approaches its skin temperature?

It feels comfortable due to rapid air movements. Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum wind velocity regarded as necessary for effective heat loss?

0.2 m/s Signup and view all the answers

What climatic factor becomes increasingly significant when temperatures fall outside an animal's comfort zone?

Humidity Signup and view all the answers

How does excessive heat stress generally affect dairy cattle?

It decreases feed intake and reduces milk production. Signup and view all the answers

Which factor must be addressed alongside temperature in managing livestock under heat stress?

Wind velocity Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of heavy rain on an animal's insulation value?

It penetrates fur and decreases insulation. Signup and view all the answers

At what environmental temperature does a drop in production typically occur due to heat stress?

Above 25°C Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Animal Production Capacity

Genetic factors significantly influence an animal's production abilities, which vary across species, breeds, and strains.
Interrelated animal husbandry factors impact growth, development, and overall production capacity.
Environmental conditions can limit breeding and feeding progress in animal production.

Animal Housing Design

Design focuses on the physical environment, particularly climatic and mechanical factors, to foster healthy, high-yielding animals.
Good housing layout is essential for correct feeding, ease of handling, and minimizing stress and physical harm.

Heat Regulation

Domestic livestock are homeotherms, maintaining body temperatures typically within a range of 1 to 2°C.
Example normal body temperatures include:
- Dairy Cow: 38.6°C (38.0 - 39.3°C)
- Beef Cow: 38.3°C (36.7 - 39.1°C)
- Pig: 39.2°C (38.7 - 39.8°C)

Climatic Factors - Temperature

Mean daily temperatures of 10 to 20°C are considered a comfort zone for most farm animals.
Below and above critical temperature thresholds require metabolic adjustments to maintain homeothermy.
Young animals are especially sensitive to temperature variations due to underdeveloped regulatory mechanisms.

Climatic Factors - Humidity

Poultry lack sweat glands, relying solely on respiratory tract for heat loss; other species have varying sweating abilities.
Excess humidity can lead to heat stress and promote fungal growth, while excessively low humidity irritates mucous membranes.
Ideal relative humidity range is between 40% to 80%.

Climatic Factors - Radiation

Direct solar radiation and reflected heat can increase an animal's heat load.
Light-colored coats absorb less radiant energy but allow deeper heat penetration; shade can reduce radiation effects.
Grass-covered areas reflect less radiation compared to bare soil.

Climatic Factors - Air Movements

Air movement enhances heat loss through evaporation and convection as long as the air is cooler than the animal's skin.
Rapid air movement becomes uncomfortable if temperatures near skin temperature; proper air flow is necessary for fresh air supply.

Climatic Factors - Precipitation

Heavy rain can diminish an animal's insulation value; wind may exacerbate cooling effects.
Greasy coats provide water resistance, and adequate shelter mitigates precipitation risks.

Effects of Climatic Factors on Livestock Performance

Animals often face heat stress when temperatures exceed critical levels (18 to 24°C).
Heat stress leads to reduced feed intake, milk production, and negative reproductive outcomes, with differences noted between breeds.
European cattle maintain production at cooler temperatures, while Zebu cattle thrive in warmer climates but suffer at elevated temperatures.

Microbiological Environment

Disease remains a significant economic barrier in animal production, particularly in tropical regions.
Cleanliness and sanitary control in housing are crucial for maintaining hygiene and supporting animal health.
Strong management practices enhance animal resistance to diseases linked to environmental stress.

Other Environmental Factors

Acoustic conditions can marginally affect animal welfare; sudden loud noises may cause anxiety in some species.
Soft music in milking parlors may have calming effects on dairy cows.

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Description

Test your knowledge on animal production capacities, housing design, and the effects of climatic factors on livestock. This quiz covers genetic influences, proper housing layouts, and heat regulation for various domestic animals. Enhance your understanding of how environmental conditions impact animal husbandry.