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Which technique has been widely used for creating transgenic mice with tissue-specific promoters or chemical mediators?
What has the microinjection method for producing transgenic mice been modified to transfer?
Which technique has been used to create YAC transgenic mice to study higher levels of transcription and developmental regulation of gene expression?
Compared to other mammalian genomes, which genome is relatively easy to genetically manipulate?
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What is a limiting factor for targeted mutation in non-mouse species?
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Which technique has been efficient for creating transgenic animals due to its ability to allow a higher percentage of progeny expressing the transgene?
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Which technique relies on the normal double-strand break repair process of the host?
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What does the TALEN technique utilize to generate DNA cleavage in a site-specific fashion?
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In which organisms has TALEN technology proven highly efficient?
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What is the reported efficiency of both zinc-finger nucleases and TALEN compared to standard strategies?
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What have the advanced techniques allowed for more efficient creation of?
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Which type of animal model involves transplanting tissue biopsies into immunodeficient mice to test treatment modalities for specific tumors?
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Which animal model is used to study human infectious and immunological diseases by reconstituting with human stem cells?
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Which animal model is crucial in demonstrating the critical role of the microbiome in the development of diet-induced obesity and its impact on diverse diseases?
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Which type of animal model involves chemical mutagenesis, diet-induced models, and complex induced models to study diseases, nutrient deficiencies, and physiological processes?
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Which animal model is used to study the impact of microbiota on host processes and its variability in research subjects?
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Which animal model is used as a small-animal model for studying immune-related diseases by injecting with human lymphocytes or stem cells?
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Which type of animal model involves using veterinary clinical patients with spontaneous tumors to evaluate new cancer treatments?
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Which animal model has contributed significantly to understanding brain plasticity, organ transplantation, and the development of various medical treatments and procedures?
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Which animal model is used to study the microbiome's critical role in various diseases by manipulating the host microbiota?
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Which animal model is used to study toxicology and drug safety assessments in biomedical research?
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Which animal models are commonly used in toxicological and drug safety research?
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What technique is used to create genetically manipulated animals through single base pair mutations in germ cells?
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What method of transgenic manipulation involved direct insertion of cloned genetic material into the pronucleus of a fertilized mouse egg?
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What allows genes to be turned off or on in response to tetracycline administration?
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Which animal has been extensively used for development studies due to their transparent embryos and large-scale mutagenesis using compounds like ENU?
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What is used to alter gene expression in a tissue-specific or temporally regulated fashion?
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What has been used as a germline mutagen, causing small chromosomal deletions in mice spermatogonia, postmeiotic germ cells, and oocytes?
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Which animal models are known for their close homology to the human genome, leading to the creation of animal models that mimic human diseases?
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What technique involves the insertion of genes by targeted homologous recombination, producing chimeras and eventually founders with germline expression of the mutation?
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What is used for traditional rodent models for toxicology studies?
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What creates small base pair mutations in germ cells, leading to the creation of useful models for human diseases?
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What is the primary purpose of animal models in biomedical research?
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Which type of modeling evaluates hierarchical levels of a process?
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What is a significant limitation of spontaneous models in biomedical research?
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Which type of animals have contributed to research in neurobiology, genetics, and development?
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What is the primary driver of homologous modeling mentioned in the text?
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Which type of diseases are commonly studied using many-to-many modeling?
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What do comparative genomics demonstrate between commonly used research species and humans?
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What are induced models in biomedical research?
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What are spontaneous models in biomedical research?
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Which animals are examples of well-known spontaneous models mentioned in the text?
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What is the focus of comparative genomics in the context of animal models?
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What is the purpose of one-to-one modeling in biomedical research?
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Study Notes
Animal Models in Biomedical Research
- Animal models used in research include vertebrate and invertebrate animals.
- Invertebrate models like nematodes, fruit flies, and sea urchins have contributed to research in neurobiology, genetics, and development.
- Models serve as surrogates and need not be identical to the subject being modeled.
- Animal models can represent analogous or homologous processes, relating to genetic sequences, and have been primarily used for studying the human biological system.
- The genetically manipulated mouse has been a primary driver of homologous modeling, but genetic manipulation in other species is advancing.
- One-to-one modeling seeks similar phenotypes, while many-to-many modeling evaluates hierarchical levels of a process.
- Diseases like cancer and obesity, which are complex and often polygenic, are commonly studied using many-to-many modeling.
- Comparative genomics demonstrate genetic conservation between commonly used research species and humans.
- Animal models can be spontaneous (normal animals with phenotypic similarity or those with spontaneous mutations) or induced (resulting from surgical, genetic, chemical, or other manipulation).
- Spontaneous models include animals with naturally occurring mutations leading to disorders similar to those in humans.
- Some well-known spontaneous models include rats with hereditary hyperbilirubinemia, mice with aganglionic megacolon, and dogs with Duchenne X-linked muscular dystrophy.
- A significant limitation of spontaneous models is their unpredictable development and reliance on chance.
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Description
Test your knowledge of animal models in biomedical research with this quiz. Explore the use of vertebrate and invertebrate animals, genetic manipulation, disease modeling, and comparative genomics. Discover the significance of spontaneous and induced models in studying complex human disorders.
