144 Questions
What is the definition of immunodeficiency?
Impairment in function of part of the immune system that renders the patient more susceptible to infectious diseases
What are the two broad categories of immunodeficiency?
Primary and secondary
Which type of immunodeficiency occurs in an adult animal due to age, infection, medical therapy, or chronic disease?
Secondary immunodeficiency
Which type of immunodeficiency is most common and best described in dogs and horses?
Spontaneously arising primary immunodeficiency
What does a mutation that inhibits the development of both T and B lymphocytes have much more consequences for the animal than?
A mutation that selectively impairs the production of complement factor C3 or IgA
Which category of immunodeficiency diseases can affect immune system development at different levels?
Primary immunodeficiency
Which type of immunodeficiency is characterized by a relative decrease in circulating CD4+ cells and a relative increase in CD8+ cells?
Immunosenescence
Which immunodeficiency can be treated by oral zinc oxide or zinc sulphate to recover the ability to mount normal cell mediated responses?
Hereditary parakeratosis
Which type of immunodeficiency affects animals that have had normal immune function until they undergo some form of physiological or pathological changes?
Secondary (acquired) immunodeficiency
Which immunodeficiency is induced when immunosuppressive therapy is used to control autoimmune disease or when chemotherapy is used in the management of cancer?
Medical immunosuppression
Which immunodeficiency is characterized by depleted B cells in lymphoid organs, blood, or bone marrow?
Hereditary parakeratosis
Which type of immunodeficiency is related to age-related decline in immune function?
Immunosenescence
Which immunodeficiency is related to a zinc deficiency, an essential component of the thymic hormone thymulin required for a normal T cell response?
Hereditary parakeratosis
Which immunodeficiency is characterized by a progressive decline in blood CD4+ cells, leading to a chronic multisystemic disease similar to human AIDS?
Secondary (acquired) immunodeficiency
What are the clinical and historical features of disease suggesting underlying primary immunodeficiency in animals?
Breed-specific diseases, recurrent infections, chronic infections, failure to respond to standard therapy, and lymphopaenia/hypogammaglobulinaemia
Which inherited disorder is characterized by a failure of granulocyte nuclei to segment into lobes, observed in Arabian horses, cats, and various dog breeds?
Pelger-Huet anomaly
What is the cause of Chediak Higashi syndrome in various animal species?
Autosomal recessive disorder
Which immunodeficiency disorder is well described in Arabian horses and certain dog breeds, causing a lack of functional T and B cells and overwhelming infection?
Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)
What is the characteristic feature of common variable immunodeficiency?
Failure of B cells to make antibodies
Which complement deficiencies lead to uncontrolled complement pathway activation and renal alterations in affected animals?
Canine C3 deficiency and porcine factor H deficiency
Which type of immunodeficiency occurs in an adult animal due to age, infection, medical therapy, or chronic disease?
Secondary immunodeficiency
What is the characteristic feature of common variable immunodeficiency?
Depleted B cells in lymphoid organs, blood, or bone marrow
Which complement deficiencies lead to uncontrolled complement pathway activation and renal alterations in affected animals?
C3 deficiency
What are the clinical and historical features of disease suggesting underlying primary immunodeficiency in animals?
Recurrent or severe infections
Which immunodeficiency is related to a zinc deficiency, an essential component of the thymic hormone thymulin required for a normal T cell response?
Hyper-IgM syndrome
What is the cause of Chediak-Higashi syndrome in various animal species?
Failure of granulocyte nuclei to segment into lobes
Which type of immunodeficiency disorder is characterized by a failure of B cells to make antibodies?
Common variable immunodeficiency
Which inherited disorder is characterized by a failure of granulocyte nuclei to segment into lobes, observed in Arabian horses, cats, and various dog breeds?
Pelger-Huet anomaly
Which immunodeficiency disorder is well described in Arabian horses and certain dog breeds, causing a lack of functional T and B cells and overwhelming infection?
Severe combined immunodeficiency
Which immunodeficiency disorder is related to a zinc deficiency, an essential component of the thymic hormone thymulin required for a normal T cell response?
Common variable immunodeficiency
What are the clinical and historical features of disease suggesting underlying primary immunodeficiency in animals?
All of the above
Inherited defects in innate immunity include deficiencies in which of the following?
Phagocytosis and complement
Which immunodeficiency disorder is characterized by a zinc deficiency, an essential component of the thymic hormone thymulin required for a normal T cell response?
Hereditary parakeratosis
Which type of immunodeficiency is related to age-related decline in immune function?
Immunosenescence
Which type of immunodeficiency affects animals that have had normal immune function until they undergo some form of physiological or pathological changes?
Secondary (acquired) immunodeficiency
Which immunodeficiency is induced when immunosuppressive therapy is used to control autoimmune disease or when chemotherapy is used in the management of cancer?
Secondary (acquired) immunodeficiency
Which type of immunodeficiency is characterized by a relative decrease in circulating CD4+ cells and a relative increase in CD8+ cells?
Immunosenescence
Which immunodeficiency is characterized by depleted B cells in lymphoid organs, blood, or bone marrow?
Hereditary parakeratosis
Which immunodeficiency can be treated by oral zinc oxide or zinc sulphate to recover the ability to mount normal cell mediated responses?
Hereditary parakeratosis
Which type of immunodeficiency is most common and best described in dogs and horses?
Secondary (acquired) immunodeficiency
Which type of immunodeficiency is induced when immunosuppressive therapy is used to control autoimmune disease or when chemotherapy is used in the management of cancer?
Secondary immunodeficiency
Which type of immunodeficiency is related to a zinc deficiency, an essential component of the thymic hormone thymulin required for a normal T cell response?
Secondary immunodeficiency
Which immunodeficiency disorder is well described in Arabian horses and certain dog breeds, causing a lack of functional T and B cells and overwhelming infection?
Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID)
Which immunodeficiency is related to age-related decline in immune function?
Secondary immunodeficiency
Which type of immunodeficiency is most common and best described in dogs and horses?
Primary immunodeficiency
What are the two broad categories of immunodeficiency?
Primary and secondary immunodeficiency
Which of the following is an inherited disorder characterized by a failure of granulocyte nuclei to segment into lobes, observed in Arabian horses, cats, and various dog breeds?
Pelger-Huet anomaly
Which immunodeficiency disorder is caused by a mutation in the LYST gene and leads to increased susceptibility to infection due to abnormal granulation of neutrophil cytoplasm?
Chediak-Higashi syndrome
Which type of immunodeficiency disorder is well described in Arabian horses and certain dog breeds, causing a small base pair deletion in the DNA protein kinase gene, leading to a lack of functional T and B cells and overwhelming infection?
Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)
What is the characteristic feature of common variable immunodeficiency?
Depleted B cells in lymphoid organs, blood, or bone marrow
Which of the following disorders is an inherited defect in innate immunity that affects acute inflammation?
Leukocyte adhesion deficiency
Which complement deficiencies lead to uncontrolled complement pathway activation and renal alterations in affected animals?
Porcine factor H deficiency
Which immunodeficiency disorder is characterized by a zinc deficiency, an essential component of the thymic hormone thymulin required for a normal T cell response?
Hereditary parakeratosis
Which type of immunodeficiency is characterized by a relative decrease in circulating CD4+ cells and a relative increase in CD8+ cells?
Immunosenescence
Which type of immunodeficiency affects adult animals that have had normal immune function until they undergo some form of physiological or pathological changes?
Secondary (acquired) immunodeficiency
Which immunodeficiency is induced when immunosuppressive therapy is used to control autoimmune disease or when chemotherapy is used in the management of cancer?
Medical immunosuppression
What is the characteristic feature of common variable immunodeficiency?
Failure of B cells to make antibodies
Which immunodeficiency is related to age-related decline in immune function?
Immunosenescence
Which type of immunodeficiency is most common and best described in dogs and horses?
Specific infections
Which inherited disorder is characterized by a failure of granulocyte nuclei to segment into lobes, observed in Arabian horses, cats, and various dog breeds?
Chediak-Higashi syndrome
Primary immunodeficiency occurs in adult animals, while secondary immunodeficiency occurs in inherited and congenital diseases.
False
Spontaneously arising primary immunodeficiencies are most common and best described in dogs and horses.
True
A mutation that inhibits the development of both T and B lymphocytes will have much more consequences for the animal than a mutation that selectively impairs the production of complement factor C3 or IgA.
True
Chediak-Higashi syndrome is a well-studied primary immunodeficiency in dogs and horses.
False
Animals suffering from malnutrition will have impaired B-cell activity and immunoglobulin production, but with sparing of T-cell function.
False
Chronic infectious, inflammatory, or neoplastic diseases can lead to secondary suppression of the immune system and increased susceptibility to infection.
True
Immunosenescence in older animals is characterized by a relative decrease in circulating CD8+ cells and a relative increase in CD4+ cells.
False
Stress-induced immune suppression is primarily related to a decrease in endogenous glucocorticoid production.
False
Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection leads to a progressive decline in blood CD8+ cells during the acute phase of illness.
False
Chronic stress and hyperadrenocorticism (Cushing's disease) have no immunosuppressive effects on animals.
False
Zinc deficiency can lead to a lack of functional T cells and depressed cell-mediated immunity, but normal antibody response.
True
Secondary immunodeficiency primarily affects young animals that have undergone some form of physiological or pathological changes.
False
Hereditary parakeratosis in Black pied Danish and Friesian cattle is characterized by a lack of functional B cells and overwhelming infection.
False
Medical immunosuppression is induced when immunosuppressive therapy is used to control autoimmune disease or when chemotherapy is used in the management of cancer.
True
Immunodeficiency disorders only affect T-cell and B-cell development in animals
False
Chediak Higashi syndrome is caused by a mutation in the LYST gene and affects only one specific animal species
False
Chronic disease, malnutrition, and stress are unlikely to cause any degree of secondary suppression of the immune system in animals.
False
Thymic and lymphocytic hypoplasia in Black pied Danish and Friesian cattle can be treated by oral zinc oxide or zinc sulphate to recover the ability to mount normal cell-mediated responses.
True
Leukocyte adhesion deficiency is an inherited disorder affecting chronic inflammation
False
Complement deficiencies can lead to uncontrolled complement pathway activation and renal alterations in affected animals
True
Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) is only well described in certain dog breeds
False
Selective immunoglobulin deficiency has only been observed in dogs
False
Common variable immunodeficiency is characterized by a failure of T cells to make antibodies
False
Pelger-Huet anomaly is an acquired disorder observed in various animal species
False
Immunodeficiency disorders impact the susceptibility to infections in animals
True
Inherited defects in innate immunity include deficiencies in T-cell and B-cell development
False
Understanding immunodeficiency disorders in animals is not crucial for early detection, management, and treatment
False
Inherited defects in innate immunity include complement deficiencies
True
Immunodeficiency disorders are only observed in animals and not in humans.
False
Primary immunodeficiency diseases can only affect immune system development at the level of T and B lymphocytes.
False
Spontaneously arising primary immunodeficiencies are most common in cats and rabbits.
False
Zinc deficiency can lead to a lack of functional T cells and depressed cell-mediated immunity, but normal antibody response.
True
Immunodeficiency disorders only affect T-cell and B-cell development in animals
False
Chediak Higashi syndrome is caused by a mutation in the LYST gene and affects only one specific animal species
False
Selective immunoglobulin deficiency has only been observed in dogs
False
Pelger-Huet anomaly is an acquired disorder observed in various animal species
False
Animals suffering from malnutrition will have impaired B-cell activity and immunoglobulin production, but with sparing of T-cell function
True
Immunodeficiency disorders impact the susceptibility to infections in animals
True
Inherited defects in innate immunity include deficiencies in T-cell and B-cell development
False
Immunosenescence in older animals is characterized by a relative decrease in circulating CD8+ cells and a relative increase in CD4+ cells
False
Zinc deficiency can lead to a lack of functional T cells and depressed cell-mediated immunity, but normal antibody response
True
Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection leads to a progressive decline in blood CD8+ cells during the acute phase of illness
False
Secondary immunodeficiency primarily affects young animals that have undergone some form of physiological or pathological changes
False
Hereditary parakeratosis in Black pied Danish and Friesian cattle is characterized by a lack of functional B cells and overwhelming infection
False
Immunosenescence is a normal physiological change in older animals, characterized by a relative decrease in circulating CD4+ cells and a relative increase in CD8+ cells with an overall reduced CD4:CD8 ratio.
True
Animals suffering from severe malnutrition will have impaired T-cell function, but with sparing of B-cell activity and immunoglobulin production.
False
Chronic stress and hyperadrenocorticism (Cushing's disease) have no immunosuppressive effects on animals.
False
Chronic infectious, inflammatory, or neoplastic diseases can cause a degree of secondary suppression of the immune system and increased susceptibility to infection in animals.
True
Chediak-Higashi syndrome is a well-studied primary immunodeficiency in dogs and horses.
False
FIV infection in cats leads to a progressive decline in blood CD4+ cells during the acute phase of the illness.
True
Secondary immunodeficiency primarily affects young animals that have undergone some form of physiological or pathological changes.
False
Thymic and lymphocytic hypoplasia in Black pied Danish and Friesian cattle can be treated by oral zinc oxide or zinc sulphate to recover the ability to mount normal cell-mediated responses.
True
Animals housed indoors in high-density rearing units or animals transported for long distances in close confines are considered at risk of stress-induced immune suppression.
True
Severe malnutrition leads to increased susceptibility to infection due to impairment of T-cell function, but with sparing of B-cell activity and immunoglobulin production.
False
Animals suffering from malnutrition will have loss of body adipose tissue reserve and reduced concentration of leptin, which is immunostimulatory and pro-inflammatory.
True
Hereditary parakeratosis in certain Black pied Danish and Friesian cattle is characterized by T-cell deficiency and depressed cell-mediated immunity, but normal antibody response.
True
True or false: Primary immunodeficiency occurs in adult animals, while secondary immunodeficiency occurs in inherited and congenital diseases.
False
True or false: Spontaneously arising primary immunodeficiencies are most common and best described in dogs and horses.
True
True or false: A mutation that inhibits the development of both T and B lymphocytes will have much more consequences for the animal than a mutation that selectively impairs the production of complement factor C3 or IgA.
True
True or false: Immunosenescence in older animals is characterized by a relative decrease in circulating CD8+ cells and a relative increase in CD4+ cells.
True
Hereditary parakeratosis in certain Black pied Danish and Friesian cattle is characterized by T-cell deficiency and depressed cell-mediated immunity, but normal antibody response.
True
Chronic infectious, inflammatory, or neoplastic diseases can cause a degree of secondary suppression of the immune system and increased susceptibility to infection in animals.
True
Chronic infectious, inflammatory, or neoplastic diseases can lead to secondary suppression of the immune system and increased susceptibility to infection.
True
Spontaneously arising primary immunodeficiencies are most common and best described in dogs and horses.
False
Immunodeficiency disorders only affect T-cell and B-cell development in animals
False
Chronic disease, malnutrition, and stress are unlikely to cause any degree of secondary suppression of the immune system in animals.
False
Selective immunoglobulin deficiency has only been observed in dogs
False
Immunodeficiency disorders impact the susceptibility to infections in animals
True
Immunodeficiency disorders are only observed in animals and not in humans.
False
Zinc deficiency can lead to a lack of functional T cells and depressed cell-mediated immunity, but normal antibody response.
True
Leukocyte adhesion deficiency is an inherited disorder affecting chronic inflammation
False
Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection leads to a progressive decline in blood CD8+ cells during the acute phase of illness.
False
Immunodeficiency disorders only affect T-cell and B-cell development in animals
False
Chediak Higashi syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder
True
Leukocyte adhesion deficiency is an inherited disorder affecting acute inflammation
False
Pelger-Huet anomaly is an inherited disorder characterized by a failure of granulocyte nuclei to segment into lobes, observed in Arabian horses, cats, and various dog breeds
True
Common variable immunodeficiency is characterized by a failure of B cells to make antibodies
True
Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) is well described in Arabian horses and certain dog breeds, causing a small base pair deletion in the DNA protein kinase gene
True
Selective immunoglobulin deficiency has been observed in dogs, horses, and cattle
True
Understanding these immunodeficiency disorders in animals is not crucial for early detection, management, and treatment
False
Inherited defects in innate immunity include phagocytosis and complement deficiencies
True
Complement deficiencies include canine C3 deficiency and porcine factor H deficiency, leading to uncontrolled complement pathway activation and renal alterations in affected animals
True
Immunodeficiency disorders impact the susceptibility to infections in animals
True
Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) is characterized by a lack of functional T and B cells and overwhelming infection
True
Study Notes
Immunodeficiency Disorders in Animals
- Immunodeficiency disorders encompass various failures in stem cell development, T-cell and B-cell development, immunoglobulin production, phagocytic cell function, and complement molecule production.
- Clinical and historical features of disease suggesting underlying primary immunodeficiency in animals include breed-specific diseases, recurrent infections, chronic infections, failure to respond to standard therapy, and lymphopaenia/hypogammaglobulinaemia.
- Inherited defects in innate immunity include phagocytosis and complement deficiencies.
- Chediak Higashi syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder causing abnormal granulation of neutrophil cytoplasm, leading to increased susceptibility to infection. It is caused by a mutation in the LYST gene and affects various animal species.
- Leukocyte adhesion deficiency is an inherited disorder affecting acute inflammation.
- Pelger-Huet anomaly is an inherited disorder characterized by a failure of granulocyte nuclei to segment into lobes, observed in Arabian horses, cats, and various dog breeds.
- Complement deficiencies include canine C3 deficiency and porcine factor H deficiency, leading to uncontrolled complement pathway activation and renal alterations in affected animals.
- Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) is well described in Arabian horses and certain dog breeds, causing a small base pair deletion in the DNA protein kinase gene, leading to a lack of functional T and B cells and overwhelming infection.
- Selective immunoglobulin deficiency has been observed in dogs, horses, and cattle, with German Shepherds being predisposed to a range of infectious disorders.
- Common variable immunodeficiency is characterized by a failure of B cells to make antibodies.
- These disorders have been observed in various animal species, impacting their susceptibility to infections and overall health.
- Understanding these immunodeficiency disorders in animals is crucial for early detection, management, and treatment.
Immunodeficiency Disorders in Animals
- Immunodeficiency disorders encompass various failures in stem cell development, T-cell and B-cell development, immunoglobulin production, phagocytic cell function, and complement molecule production.
- Clinical and historical features of disease suggesting underlying primary immunodeficiency in animals include breed-specific diseases, recurrent infections, chronic infections, failure to respond to standard therapy, and lymphopaenia/hypogammaglobulinaemia.
- Inherited defects in innate immunity include phagocytosis and complement deficiencies.
- Chediak Higashi syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder causing abnormal granulation of neutrophil cytoplasm, leading to increased susceptibility to infection. It is caused by a mutation in the LYST gene and affects various animal species.
- Leukocyte adhesion deficiency is an inherited disorder affecting acute inflammation.
- Pelger-Huet anomaly is an inherited disorder characterized by a failure of granulocyte nuclei to segment into lobes, observed in Arabian horses, cats, and various dog breeds.
- Complement deficiencies include canine C3 deficiency and porcine factor H deficiency, leading to uncontrolled complement pathway activation and renal alterations in affected animals.
- Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) is well described in Arabian horses and certain dog breeds, causing a small base pair deletion in the DNA protein kinase gene, leading to a lack of functional T and B cells and overwhelming infection.
- Selective immunoglobulin deficiency has been observed in dogs, horses, and cattle, with German Shepherds being predisposed to a range of infectious disorders.
- Common variable immunodeficiency is characterized by a failure of B cells to make antibodies.
- These disorders have been observed in various animal species, impacting their susceptibility to infections and overall health.
- Understanding these immunodeficiency disorders in animals is crucial for early detection, management, and treatment.
Immunodeficiency Disorders in Animals
- Immunodeficiency disorders encompass various failures in stem cell development, T-cell and B-cell development, immunoglobulin production, phagocytic cell function, and complement molecule production.
- Clinical and historical features of disease suggesting underlying primary immunodeficiency in animals include breed-specific diseases, recurrent infections, chronic infections, failure to respond to standard therapy, and lymphopaenia/hypogammaglobulinaemia.
- Inherited defects in innate immunity include phagocytosis and complement deficiencies.
- Chediak Higashi syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder causing abnormal granulation of neutrophil cytoplasm, leading to increased susceptibility to infection. It is caused by a mutation in the LYST gene and affects various animal species.
- Leukocyte adhesion deficiency is an inherited disorder affecting acute inflammation.
- Pelger-Huet anomaly is an inherited disorder characterized by a failure of granulocyte nuclei to segment into lobes, observed in Arabian horses, cats, and various dog breeds.
- Complement deficiencies include canine C3 deficiency and porcine factor H deficiency, leading to uncontrolled complement pathway activation and renal alterations in affected animals.
- Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) is well described in Arabian horses and certain dog breeds, causing a small base pair deletion in the DNA protein kinase gene, leading to a lack of functional T and B cells and overwhelming infection.
- Selective immunoglobulin deficiency has been observed in dogs, horses, and cattle, with German Shepherds being predisposed to a range of infectious disorders.
- Common variable immunodeficiency is characterized by a failure of B cells to make antibodies.
- These disorders have been observed in various animal species, impacting their susceptibility to infections and overall health.
- Understanding these immunodeficiency disorders in animals is crucial for early detection, management, and treatment.
Immunodeficiency Disorders in Animals
- Immunodeficiency disorders encompass various failures in stem cell development, T-cell and B-cell development, immunoglobulin production, phagocytic cell function, and complement molecule production.
- Clinical and historical features of disease suggesting underlying primary immunodeficiency in animals include breed-specific diseases, recurrent infections, chronic infections, failure to respond to standard therapy, and lymphopaenia/hypogammaglobulinaemia.
- Inherited defects in innate immunity include phagocytosis and complement deficiencies.
- Chediak Higashi syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder causing abnormal granulation of neutrophil cytoplasm, leading to increased susceptibility to infection. It is caused by a mutation in the LYST gene and affects various animal species.
- Leukocyte adhesion deficiency is an inherited disorder affecting acute inflammation.
- Pelger-Huet anomaly is an inherited disorder characterized by a failure of granulocyte nuclei to segment into lobes, observed in Arabian horses, cats, and various dog breeds.
- Complement deficiencies include canine C3 deficiency and porcine factor H deficiency, leading to uncontrolled complement pathway activation and renal alterations in affected animals.
- Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) is well described in Arabian horses and certain dog breeds, causing a small base pair deletion in the DNA protein kinase gene, leading to a lack of functional T and B cells and overwhelming infection.
- Selective immunoglobulin deficiency has been observed in dogs, horses, and cattle, with German Shepherds being predisposed to a range of infectious disorders.
- Common variable immunodeficiency is characterized by a failure of B cells to make antibodies.
- These disorders have been observed in various animal species, impacting their susceptibility to infections and overall health.
- Understanding these immunodeficiency disorders in animals is crucial for early detection, management, and treatment.
Immunodeficiency Disorders in Animals
- Immunodeficiency disorders encompass various failures in stem cell development, T-cell and B-cell development, immunoglobulin production, phagocytic cell function, and complement molecule production.
- Clinical and historical features of disease suggesting underlying primary immunodeficiency in animals include breed-specific diseases, recurrent infections, chronic infections, failure to respond to standard therapy, and lymphopaenia/hypogammaglobulinaemia.
- Inherited defects in innate immunity include phagocytosis and complement deficiencies.
- Chediak Higashi syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder causing abnormal granulation of neutrophil cytoplasm, leading to increased susceptibility to infection. It is caused by a mutation in the LYST gene and affects various animal species.
- Leukocyte adhesion deficiency is an inherited disorder affecting acute inflammation.
- Pelger-Huet anomaly is an inherited disorder characterized by a failure of granulocyte nuclei to segment into lobes, observed in Arabian horses, cats, and various dog breeds.
- Complement deficiencies include canine C3 deficiency and porcine factor H deficiency, leading to uncontrolled complement pathway activation and renal alterations in affected animals.
- Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) is well described in Arabian horses and certain dog breeds, causing a small base pair deletion in the DNA protein kinase gene, leading to a lack of functional T and B cells and overwhelming infection.
- Selective immunoglobulin deficiency has been observed in dogs, horses, and cattle, with German Shepherds being predisposed to a range of infectious disorders.
- Common variable immunodeficiency is characterized by a failure of B cells to make antibodies.
- These disorders have been observed in various animal species, impacting their susceptibility to infections and overall health.
- Understanding these immunodeficiency disorders in animals is crucial for early detection, management, and treatment.
Immunodeficiency Disorders in Animals
- Immunodeficiency disorders encompass various failures in stem cell development, T-cell and B-cell development, immunoglobulin production, phagocytic cell function, and complement molecule production.
- Clinical and historical features of disease suggesting underlying primary immunodeficiency in animals include breed-specific diseases, recurrent infections, chronic infections, failure to respond to standard therapy, and lymphopaenia/hypogammaglobulinaemia.
- Inherited defects in innate immunity include phagocytosis and complement deficiencies.
- Chediak Higashi syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder causing abnormal granulation of neutrophil cytoplasm, leading to increased susceptibility to infection. It is caused by a mutation in the LYST gene and affects various animal species.
- Leukocyte adhesion deficiency is an inherited disorder affecting acute inflammation.
- Pelger-Huet anomaly is an inherited disorder characterized by a failure of granulocyte nuclei to segment into lobes, observed in Arabian horses, cats, and various dog breeds.
- Complement deficiencies include canine C3 deficiency and porcine factor H deficiency, leading to uncontrolled complement pathway activation and renal alterations in affected animals.
- Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) is well described in Arabian horses and certain dog breeds, causing a small base pair deletion in the DNA protein kinase gene, leading to a lack of functional T and B cells and overwhelming infection.
- Selective immunoglobulin deficiency has been observed in dogs, horses, and cattle, with German Shepherds being predisposed to a range of infectious disorders.
- Common variable immunodeficiency is characterized by a failure of B cells to make antibodies.
- These disorders have been observed in various animal species, impacting their susceptibility to infections and overall health.
- Understanding these immunodeficiency disorders in animals is crucial for early detection, management, and treatment.
Test your knowledge of immunodeficiency disorders in animals with this quiz. Learn about various inherited defects in innate immunity, breed-specific diseases, and the clinical features suggesting primary immunodeficiency in animals. Understanding these disorders is crucial for their early detection and management.
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