CR Biology A M5L6
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Questions and Answers

What type of organisms are tube sponges classified as?

  • Animals (correct)
  • Plants
  • Fungi
  • Protists

    • What are some adaptations that evolved in invertebrates?

  • Tissues, organs, and organ systems (correct)
  • Warm-blooded metabolism
  • A body covered in scales
  • Ability to produce feathers

    • Which of the following structures is similar between choanocytes and choanoflagellate protists?

  • Cell wall structure
  • Flagella (correct)
  • Photosynthetic capabilities
  • Gastrovascular cavity

    • What is theorized to be the ancestor of the earliest animals?

    <p>Marine protists living in colonies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following features is essential for the evolution of vertebrates?

    <p>A complete digestive system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When did most modern phyla of animals evolve?

    <p>By 500 million years ago</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an adaptation associated with invertebrates?

    <p>Feathered wings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which animals were the first vertebrates to colonize land?

    <p>Amphibians</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the first adaptations that allowed early arthropods to survive on land?

    <p>Forming an exoskeleton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a notochord provide to animals that possess it?

    <p>Support and shape for the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of vertebrates was the first to transition from water to land?

    <p>Amphibians</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What advantage did the evolution of amniotic eggs provide to terrestrial animals?

    <p>Enabled reproduction without water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes vertebrates that evolved from primitive chordates?

    <p>They possess a backbone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true about lobe-finned fish?

    <p>They could breathe air for brief periods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which two major groups of amniotes evolved shortly after the first fully terrestrial vertebrates emerged?

    <p>Synapsids and sauropsids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The first animals to go ashore were primarily vertebrates.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A notochord is a rigid rod that runs along the length of the body of chordates.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Amphibians were the first animals to evolve true lungs and limbs for land.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lobe-finned fish could not breathe air and were entirely aquatic.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Amniotes are vertebrates that lay eggs with internal membranes for protection against drying out.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The earliest vertebrates are thought to have been jawed fish.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Synapsids evolved into reptiles, dinosaurs, and birds.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Tube sponges are classified as fungi.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The oldest animal fossils date back to approximately 630 million years ago.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Choanocyte cells in sponges do not resemble choanoflagellate protists.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Amphibians were the first vertebrates to colonize the land.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Invertebrates played a role in the evolution of vertebrates through important adaptations.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The evolution of a brain and sensory organs is an adaptation that evolved in vertebrates only.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The first multicellular animals likely evolved from marine protists that specialized cells for different functions.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Most modern phyla of animals were present 100 million years ago.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Tube Sponges and Animal Evolution

    • Tube sponges are animals, identified as the simplest form of animal life on Earth.
    • They provide shelter to various invertebrates like crabs and shrimps.
    • The oldest known animal fossils date back about 630 million years.

    Major Events in Animal Evolution

    • By 500 million years ago, most modern animal phyla had emerged.
    • Evolutionary milestones of animals are recorded on the geologic time scale.

    Origins of Animals

    • Earliest animals may have originated from marine protists that formed colonies.
    • Specialized cells within protist colonies likely developed interdependence, leading to the first multicellular animals.
    • Choanocyte sponge cells resemble choanoflagellate protists, supporting the hypothesis of animal ancestry from protists.

    Invertebrate Evolution

    • Significant adaptations began with invertebrates, allowing vertebrates to evolve.
    • Key adaptations include:
      • Development of tissues, organs, and organ systems.
      • Symmetrical body structures.
      • Development of a nervous system with a brain.
      • Formation of a fluid-filled body cavity and complete digestive system.
      • Body segmentation.

    Transition from Water to Land

    • Early land colonizers were invertebrates, particularly arthropods, not amphibians.
    • Key adaptations for terrestrial survival included:
      • Evolution of an exoskeleton for body support and moisture retention.
      • Air-breathing capabilities replacing gills.

    Evolution of Chordates

    • The notochord, an internal support structure, signifies a major evolutionary advancement.
    • Chordates also feature a hollow nerve cord, gill slits, and a tail during embryonic development.
    • Early chordates include primitive tunicates.

    Evolution of Vertebrates

    • Vertebrates emerged from primitive chordates approximately 550 million years ago.
    • The earliest vertebrates possibly included jawless fish like hagfish.
    • Vertebrates developed backbones, craniums for brain protection, and progressed in complexity over time.

    Transition to Terrestrial Life

    • The first vertebrates to inhabit land were amphibians, evolving from lobe-finned fish around 365 million years ago.
    • Lobe-finned fish had adaptations for brief land activity and air breathing.

    Evolution of Amniotes

    • Amniotes were the first fully terrestrial vertebrates, capable of laying eggs on land.
    • Their eggs featured internal membranes that allowed gas exchange while retaining moisture.
    • Earliest amniotes appeared about 350 million years ago, leading to synapsids (ancestors of mammals) and sauropsids (ancestors of reptiles, dinosaurs, and birds).

    Tube Sponges and Animal Evolution

    • Tube sponges are animals, identified as the simplest form of animal life on Earth.
    • They provide shelter to various invertebrates like crabs and shrimps.
    • The oldest known animal fossils date back about 630 million years.

    Major Events in Animal Evolution

    • By 500 million years ago, most modern animal phyla had emerged.
    • Evolutionary milestones of animals are recorded on the geologic time scale.

    Origins of Animals

    • Earliest animals may have originated from marine protists that formed colonies.
    • Specialized cells within protist colonies likely developed interdependence, leading to the first multicellular animals.
    • Choanocyte sponge cells resemble choanoflagellate protists, supporting the hypothesis of animal ancestry from protists.

    Invertebrate Evolution

    • Significant adaptations began with invertebrates, allowing vertebrates to evolve.
    • Key adaptations include:
      • Development of tissues, organs, and organ systems.
      • Symmetrical body structures.
      • Development of a nervous system with a brain.
      • Formation of a fluid-filled body cavity and complete digestive system.
      • Body segmentation.

    Transition from Water to Land

    • Early land colonizers were invertebrates, particularly arthropods, not amphibians.
    • Key adaptations for terrestrial survival included:
      • Evolution of an exoskeleton for body support and moisture retention.
      • Air-breathing capabilities replacing gills.

    Evolution of Chordates

    • The notochord, an internal support structure, signifies a major evolutionary advancement.
    • Chordates also feature a hollow nerve cord, gill slits, and a tail during embryonic development.
    • Early chordates include primitive tunicates.

    Evolution of Vertebrates

    • Vertebrates emerged from primitive chordates approximately 550 million years ago.
    • The earliest vertebrates possibly included jawless fish like hagfish.
    • Vertebrates developed backbones, craniums for brain protection, and progressed in complexity over time.

    Transition to Terrestrial Life

    • The first vertebrates to inhabit land were amphibians, evolving from lobe-finned fish around 365 million years ago.
    • Lobe-finned fish had adaptations for brief land activity and air breathing.

    Evolution of Amniotes

    • Amniotes were the first fully terrestrial vertebrates, capable of laying eggs on land.
    • Their eggs featured internal membranes that allowed gas exchange while retaining moisture.
    • Earliest amniotes appeared about 350 million years ago, leading to synapsids (ancestors of mammals) and sauropsids (ancestors of reptiles, dinosaurs, and birds).

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    Test your knowledge on the evolution of animals, focusing on sponges and their role in marine ecosystems. Learn about the major trends in animal evolution and the unique characteristics that classify sponges as animals. Dive into this fascinating world of early life forms!

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