Deuterostomia and Protostomia: Evolution Quiz and Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What are the two major groups of protostomes?

Lophotrochozoa and Ecdysozoa

In which habitats are flatworms found?

In freshwater, marine, and moist terrestrial environments

What happens to tapeworm embryos once they are released from the proglottid?

They are scattered in the environment

What is the basic body plan of a mollusk?

Muscular foot, visceral mass, and mantle Signup and view all the answers

What is the defining characteristic of the Deuterostomia clade?

The blastopore becomes the anus Signup and view all the answers

What type of environment do members of the phylum Rotifera typically inhabit?

Freshwater environments Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of the class Chelicerata?

Their mouthparts are modified as pincers or fangs Signup and view all the answers

What organisms are included in the class Myriapoda?

Centipedes and millipedes Signup and view all the answers

What role do arthropods play?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes chelicerates?

Most are carnivorous and have four pairs of walking legs Signup and view all the answers

What class includes insects?

Hexapoda Signup and view all the answers

What is the defining characteristic of the class Chelicerata?

Their mouthparts are modified as pincers or fangs Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which gastropod mollusks undergo during larval life?

Torsion Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the function of the mantle in mollusks?

It secretes the calcium carbonate shell Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the circulatory system of annelids?

Closed circulatory system Signup and view all the answers

What is the unique, protrusible, tongue-like organ used for feeding in mollusks called?

Radula Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes a major advantage of segmentation in annelids?

Individual segments can become specialized for different functions Signup and view all the answers

Which class of animals are commonly known as chitons?

Polyplacophora Signup and view all the answers

What is the unique structure of a lophophore in brachiopods?

Two horseshoe-shaped ridges of tentacles Signup and view all the answers

How do tapeworm embryos exit the proglottid once released?

Through specialized pores Signup and view all the answers

Which phylum includes vinegar eels, eelworms, and other roundworms?

Nematoda Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic habitat for members of the phylum Rotifera?

Freshwater environments Signup and view all the answers

What is a notable feature of platyzoans regarding their feeding?

Absorption of nutrients through skin Signup and view all the answers

In mollusks, what is the function of the mantle?

Protects the soft body parts Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following phyla is characterized by a lophophore, a circular or U-shaped ridge around the mouth with ciliated tentacles?

Brachiopoda Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following features is NOT associated with the phylum Mollusca?

Segmented body plan Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following phyla is classified under the clade Lophotrochozoa?

Rotifera Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the life cycle of tapeworms?

Tapeworm embryos are released from the proglottid and must find an intermediate host to continue their life cycle. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the phylum Platyzoa?

It is a clade that includes flatworms and rotifers. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following features is characteristic of rotifers?

They are microscopic organisms that inhabit freshwater and moist soil environments. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about tapeworms is correct?

Tapeworms are parasitic flatworms that belong to the phylum Platyhelminthes. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about rotifers is correct?

Rotifers are microscopic pseudocoelomate animals that belong to the phylum Rotifera. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about platyzoans is correct?

Platyzoans are acoelomate, unsegmented worms that belong to the phylum Platyhelminthes. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a distinguishing characteristic of mollusks?

They have a protrusible, tongue-like organ called a radula for feeding. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of lophotrochozoans?

They are protostomes with spiral cleavage during embryonic development. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the phylum Mollusca is correct?

Mollusks have a mantle, a visceral mass, and a muscular foot. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Bilaterian Animals

Almost all bilaterian animals belong to either of the clades Protostomia and Deuterostomia.

Protostomia

The two major groups of protostome are Lophotrochozoa and Ecdysozoa.
Lophotrochozoa includes mollusks, annelids, and platyhelminthes.
Ecdysozoa includes arthropods and nematodes.

Flatworms

Flatworms are found in aquatic and in moist terrestrial environments.

Tapeworms

Immediately after release from the proglottid, tapeworm embryos are scattered in the environment.

Rotifera

Rotifera are tiny, bilaterally symmetrical pseudocoelomates that often live in freshwater environments.
They use adhesive toes for clinging on vegetation and other solid objects.

Deuterostomia

In deuterostomes, the blastopore gives rise to the anus.

Mollusca

Squid, octopuses, chitons, snails, clams, and oysters are all members of the phylum Mollusca.
The basic body plan of a mollusk consists of three parts: a muscular foot, a visceral mass, and a mantle.
The mantle of a mollusk is an epidermal sheet covering the dorsal side of the body.
The shell of a mollusk is secreted by the outer surface of its mantle.
The muscular foot of a mollusk may be adapted for locomotion, attachment, food capture, or digging.

Annelida

Annelids are segmented worms, with a body built of repeated units.
Each segment of an annelid contains a ganglion, excretory organs, and locomotory structures.
Annelids have a closed circulatory system.

Lophotrochozoa

Lophotrochozoa includes phyla such as Bryozoa, Brachiopoda, Phoronida, and Micrognathozoa.
Bryozoans are small and live in colonies, and have a lophophore.
Brachiopods or lamp shells have two calcified shells, and their anus opens near their mouth.

Ecdysozoa

Ecdysozoa includes phyla such as Arthropoda, Nematoda, and Tardigrada.
Arthropods have a role in the pollination of crops, the destruction of crops, and the spreading of serious diseases.
The class Hexapoda includes insects.
The class Myriapoda includes centipedes and millipedes.
The class Chelicerata includes organisms with mouthparts modified as pincers or fangs, and bodies consisting of two tagmata.

Other Phyla

Platyhelminthes are flatworms with a body plan that resembles a flatworm.
Rotifera are tiny, bilaterally symmetrical pseudocoelomates.
Micrognathozoa have a complete gut and are pseudocoelomate.

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Animal Evolution: Protostomia and Deuterostomia Quiz