Animal Diversity and Classification
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Questions and Answers

What is a common characteristic of all animals?

  • They are prokaryotic organisms.
  • All are unicellular.
  • They produce collagen. (correct)
  • They all have a coelom.

    • Which statement best explains the significance of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in animals?

  • The ECM forms the central nervous system.
  • The ECM is only found in plants.
  • The ECM is crucial for complex multicellularity. (correct)
  • The ECM is primarily responsible for locomotion.

    • Which of the following phyla are classified under the supergroup Opisthokonta?

  • Sponges and Fungi (correct)
  • Fungi and Protozoa
  • Arthropoda and Echinodermata
  • Cnidaria and Annelida

    • What development stage follows the zygote in animal embryology?

    <p>Gastrula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of symmetry is NOT typically used to describe animals?

    <p>Cylindrical symmetry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the presence of a body cavity important in higher animals?

    <p>It acts as a hydrostatic skeleton and supports organ development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following molecular components is NOT part of the extracellular matrix?

    <p>Mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristics distinguish Bilateria from other animal groups?

    <p>A body cavity or coelom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristics are unique to cnidarians compared to sponges?

    <p>Presence of tissues and organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the choanocytes in sponges?

    <p>To draw water into the sponge body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about bilaterians is correct?

    <p>They exhibit a clustering of sense organs at the anterior end.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of their gut structure, how do cnidarians differ from sponges?

    <p>Cnidarians possess an incomplete gut.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of animals is characterized by having a coelom and segmented bodies?

    <p>Annelida</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a defining feature of molluscs?

    <p>Presence of a mantle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of metamerism in annelids?

    <p>It allows for independent movement of segments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many species approximately belong to the phylum Porifera?

    <p>5,000 species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is unique to Gastropoda among molluscs?

    <p>Asymmetrical bodies with a well-developed head</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of molluscs is characterized by having two shell valves?

    <p>Bivalvia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of organism is primarily known for its ability to undergo ecdysis?

    <p>Arthropods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following groups contains organisms that are known for being important soil components?

    <p>Nematoda</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is a defining feature of Tardigrada?

    <p>Ability to suck juices using stylets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which environments are Tardigrada most commonly found?

    <p>Soils, sediments, and mosses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phylum includes unsegmented round worms?

    <p>Nematoda</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What developmental stage is characteristic of lophotrochozoans?

    <p>Trochophore larva</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary reason for the success of arthropods in various habitats?

    <p>The presence of a highly protective exoskeleton.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which substance primarily makes up the exoskeleton of arthropods?

    <p>Chitin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many times do arthropods typically molt before reaching adulthood?

    <p>4-7 times</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of symmetry is associated with the phylum Echinodermata?

    <p>Radial symmetry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What function does the water vascular system serve in echinoderms?

    <p>Facilitating movement through tube feet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following characteristics is NOT typically shared by chordates?

    <p>Radial symmetry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which subphylum includes the majority of living chordate species?

    <p>Subphylum Vertebrata</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of ecdysis in arthropods?

    <p>To obtain a larger exoskeleton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the notochord in chordates?

    <p>Providing structural support as a precursor to the vertebral column</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the subphylum Vertebrata?

    <p>Ability to regenerate limbs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structural feature is present in all chordates at some stage of development?

    <p>Postanal tail</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of heart do most vertebrates have?

    <p>Ventral heart with 2-4 chambers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant function of the dorsal nerve chord in chordates?

    <p>Transmitting signals as part of the nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following components is part of the excretory system in vertebrates?

    <p>Paired kidneys with ducts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes the symmetry found in vertebrates?

    <p>Bilateral symmetry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the endocrine system in vertebrates?

    <p>Releasing hormones directly into blood or lymph</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Animal Diversity

    • Animals are described by their body symmetry (size and shape of body parts along an axis or plane)
    • Animals have an extracellular matrix, often forming a scaffolding
    • Classification of life on Earth includes three domains: Bacteria, Archaea, Eukaryota
    • Supergroup Opisthokonta includes animals, fungi, and some protozoa
    • Phyla of animals are characterized by features such as Porifera, Cnidaria, Annelida, Mollusca, Nematoda, Arthropoda, Echinodermata, and Chordata

    Three Domains of Life

    • Life on Earth is divided into Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukaryota
    • Bacteria and Archaea are prokaryotes
    • Eukaryota includes cells with nuclei

    Supergroup Phylogeny of Eukaryotes

    • Supergroup Opisthokonta includes multicellular animals, fungi, and some protists

    Porifera (Sponges)

    • 5,000 species
    • Primarily marine
    • Simple anatomical organization, no tissues
    • Specialized cells (choanocytes) to feed

    Cnidaria (Jellyfish, Anemones, Corals)

    • 9,000 species

    • Marine and freshwater
    • Radial symmetry
    • Stinging cells (cnidocytes)
    • Incomplete digestive system

    Bilateria

    • Generally predators
    • Distinct head and tail (cephalization)
    • Clustering of sense organs on the anterior end (forward-facing)
    • Often have a mouth at the anterior and an anus at the posterior end

    Protostomes

    • Lophotrochozoa
    • Ecdysozoa
    • Include annelid and mollusk worms
    • Include "lophophre": organ for filter feeding
    • Trochophore: a type of larva

    Mollusks

    • ~100,000 species
    • Includes snails, slugs, clams, mussels, oysters, squids, and octopuses
    • Distinguishing features: mantle, trochophore larva
    • Gastropod, Cephalopod, Bivalvia classes

    Annelids

    • ~100,000 species
    • Segmented worms
    • Includes snails, slugs, clams, mussels, oysters, squids, octopuses

    Nematoda (Roundworms)

    • 25,000 species
    • Most numerous animals
    • Found in all habitats
    • Important for soil communities
    • C. elegans is a well-studied species
    • Many are parasites

    Tardigrada

    • 1,300 species
    • Microscopic
    • Found in various moist environments
    • Extremely resilient to harsh conditions

    Arthropods

    • ~1.2 million species
    • Jointed appendages
    • Exoskeleton with chitin
    • Metamorphosis
    • Extremely diverse
    • Highly successful group

    Echinoderms

    • 7,000 species
    • Radial symmetry (pentaradial)
    • Water vascular system
    • Includes sea stars, urchins, and sea cucumbers

    Chordata

    • 81,000 species

    • Include the vertebrates
    • Notochord
    • Dorsal tubular nerve chord
    • Pharyngeal pouches
    • Postanal tail

    Craniata/Vertebrates

    • Vertebral column
    • Craniums
    • Well-developed sense organs and systems
    • Endocrine system
    • Includes fish, amphibians, reptiles, mammals, and birds

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    Animal Diversity PDF

    Description

    Explore the fascinating world of animal diversity and classification through this quiz. Learn about body symmetry, classification domains, and the characteristics of various animal phyla. Test your knowledge on the unique features of sponges, jellyfish, and more!

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