Animal Diversity and Classification
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Questions and Answers

What is an example of an asymmetrical animal?

  • Sea anemone
  • Goat
  • Sponge (correct)
  • Starfish

    • Which type of symmetry does a sea anemone exhibit?

  • Asymmetrical
  • Radial (correct)
  • None
  • Bilateral

    • Animals with which type of symmetry have a distinct head and tail?

  • Asymmetrical
  • Radial
  • Triploblastic
  • Bilateral (correct)

    • What are the germ layers developed by diploblastic animals?

    <p>Ectoderm and endoderm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates triploblasts from diploblasts?

    <p>Development of a third germ layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes a coelom?

    <p>An epithelial-lined internal body cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which animal is an example of bilateral symmetry?

    <p>Goat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many germ layers do animals that display radial symmetry develop?

    <p>Two</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What substance separates the outer layer of flattened cells and the inner layer of choanocytes in sponges?

    <p>Mesohyl</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do sponges primarily obtain their nutrients?

    <p>Intracellular digestion via choanocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of choanocytes in sponges?

    <p>Water filtration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of asexual reproduction do sponges perform when a piece breaks off to form a new individual?

    <p>Fragmentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What environmental challenge does the formation of gemmules help freshwater sponges overcome?

    <p>Hostile environmental conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant limitation of the digestive process in sponges?

    <p>Food must be smaller than individual cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does it mean for sponges to be classified as monoecious?

    <p>They produce both eggs and sperm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mechanism allows for gas exchange, circulation, and excretion in sponges?

    <p>Diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do sperm fertilize the eggs in sponges?

    <p>By water currents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the special cells found in cnidarians that are responsible for stinging?

    <p>Cnidocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of nematocysts in cnidarians?

    <p>To immobilize prey</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about sponges is true?

    <p>They have a fixed substrate as adults.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the body plan of a medusa?

    <p>Bell-shaped with tentacles hanging down</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes polyp and medusa forms in cnidarians?

    <p>The medusa has tentacles hanging downward.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic is common to all cnidarians in terms of their tissue structure?

    <p>They have two tissue layers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stage do sponges exhibit mobility?

    <p>In the larval stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the relationship between sponges and tissues?

    <p>Sponges lack true tissues entirely.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the large central cavity, or spongocoel, in sponges?

    <p>To facilitate the flow of water for feeding and gas exchange.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cnidarians are characterized by how many tissue layers?

    <p>Two</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the majority of animal species is true?

    <p>Invertebrates comprise about 95 percent of animal species.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature distinguishes sponges from other animal groups?

    <p>The lack of true tissues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does water play in the life of sponges?

    <p>It aids in feeding, gas exchange, and excretion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the osculum in sponges?

    <p>The large opening through which water exits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way do sponges and colonial flagellated protists exhibit similarity?

    <p>Both display colonial organization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the chelicerae in chelicerates?

    <p>Feeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic distinguishes chelicerates from other arthropods?

    <p>The presence of chelicerae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do aquatic chelicerates primarily respire?

    <p>Using gills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated number of described species in the subphylum Chelicerata?

    <p>103,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following animals is NOT a member of Subphylum Chelicerata?

    <p>Crayfish</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the digestive system of most flatworms have in common?

    <p>It consists of a mouth used for both intake and waste expulsion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do cestodes obtain nutrients?

    <p>By absorption directly across their body wall.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the excretory system of flatworms?

    <p>It utilizes flame cells to expel waste.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature of the flatworm body limits its thickness?

    <p>The need for gas exchange by diffusion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which class do free-living marine species of flatworms primarily belong?

    <p>Turbellaria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of reproduction is common in some flatworm groups?

    <p>Asexual reproduction through regeneration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the nerve cords in flatworms?

    <p>Connecting the brain to sensory organs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Most flatworm species are categorized as what type of reproductive organism?

    <p>Monoecious, possessing both sets of reproductive organs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of tissue is primarily responsible for body movement in animals?

    <p>Muscle tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the primary components that make up connective tissue?

    <p>Cells and extracellular material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mode of reproduction for most animal species?

    <p>Sexual reproduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves the combination of male and female gametes?

    <p>Fertilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do male sperm typically reach the female egg during fertilization?

    <p>By swimming with flagella</p> Signup and view all the answers

    After fertilization, what is the immediate developmental stage called?

    <p>Zygote</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes sexual reproduction in animals from that in fungi and protists?

    <p>It's the only mode of reproduction in many animal species.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During development, what process allows animal cells to form tissues?

    <p>Differentiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure in sponges is primarily responsible for water movement?

    <p>Choanocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process allows sponges to capture food particles?

    <p>Phagocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of spicules in sponges?

    <p>Providing structural strength</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do sponges primarily reproduce asexually?

    <p>Budding and fragmentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is notable about the reproductive strategy of most sponges?

    <p>They are hermaphroditic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What types of environments can gemmules in freshwater sponges survive?

    <p>Hostile environments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What limitation is associated with intracellular digestion in sponges?

    <p>Food particles must be smaller than individual cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do amoebocytes play in the sponge's digestion process?

    <p>Transporting nutrients to other cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of cnidocytes in cnidarians?

    <p>To immobilize prey</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stage do sponges release free-swimming larvae?

    <p>During early larval development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the medusa form from the polyp form in cnidarians?

    <p>Medusa is typically bell-shaped and motile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure allows sponges to release sperm into the surrounding water?

    <p>Osculum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of symmetry do cnidarians exhibit?

    <p>Radial symmetry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the cnidocyte is triggered to release the nematocyst?

    <p>The hairlike projection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of reproduction can sponges perform when a part of them breaks off?

    <p>Fragmentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature characterizes the two body plans of cnidarians?

    <p>Presence of jelly-like mesoglea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a defining characteristic of flatworms?

    <p>They have a body with no cavities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of symmetry do flatworms exhibit?

    <p>Bilateral symmetry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure is associated with the cephalization of flatworms?

    <p>Concentration of nervous tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these statements is true about nematodes?

    <p>They possess a pseudocoelom.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does ecdysis refer to in ecdysozoan phyla?

    <p>The shedding of the exoskeleton.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of nutritional strategy do free-living flatworms generally exhibit?

    <p>They are scavengers or predators.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the body plan of arthropods?

    <p>Coelomate with a hard exoskeleton.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the mesodermal tissues in flatworms?

    <p>To support and secrete materials.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of digestive system is most commonly found in flatworms?

    <p>Incomplete digestive system with one opening</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do cestodes obtain their nutrients?

    <p>By absorption across their body wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the excretory system in flatworms?

    <p>Regulation of dissolved salts and excretion of wastes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following represents a key characteristic of flatworm reproduction?

    <p>Asexual reproduction is common</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What limits the thickness of flatworms and facilitates gas and nutrient exchange?

    <p>Reliance on diffusion and intercellular junctions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the flame cells in flatworms?

    <p>To aid in the excretion of waste fluids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the nervous system of flatworms from other organisms?

    <p>Pair of nerve cords running the length of the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which classes are flatworms traditionally divided?

    <p>Turbellaria, Monogenea, Trematoda, Cestoda</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of asexual reproduction in many animal species?

    <p>It produces offspring genetically identical to the parent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes incomplete metamorphosis as it occurs in certain animals?

    <p>The young closely resemble the adults and undergo multiple molts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What classification feature is NOT typically used for differentiating animal groups?

    <p>Ability to produce muscular contractions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following represents a characteristic of Eumetazoa?

    <p>They possess specialized tissues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a defining feature of animals classified as acoelomates?

    <p>They have a solid body without a body cavity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symmetry type is associated with animals possessing a distinct head and tail?

    <p>Bilateral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does parthenogenesis refer to in animal reproduction?

    <p>The development of unfertilized eggs into offspring.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is common to animals displaying bilateral symmetry?

    <p>They have a balanced distribution of body parts along an axis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Animal Diversity

    • Animals are eukaryotic, multicellular organisms, and most have specialized tissues.
    • They are motile and require a food source (heterotrophic).
    • Almost all reproduce sexually, unlike plants or fungi. Development is typically characterized by a fixed body plan, unlike some plants.

    Animal Reproduction and Development

    • Most animals reproduce sexually, with male and female gametes combining through fertilization.
    • Fertilization can be internal or external.
    • Development involves specific stages and results in a specific body plan.
    • Some animals exhibit asexual reproduction, including budding, fragmentation, and parthenogenesis.

    Animal Classification

    • Animal classification systems are based on anatomy, embryonic development, and genetic makeup.
    • Animal classification schemes reflect evolutionary lineages and highlight common and diverse traits.
    • Animals are diverse and classification systems are constantly being revised as new information is discovered.
    • Classifications are typically based on body symmetry (asymmetrical, radial, bilateral), the presence and characteristics of a true body cavity, the number of tissue layers during development and other development characteristics..

    Sponges (Porifera)

    • Simplest animals with no tissues, just diverse specialized cells.
    • Mostly marine, with body structure dedicated to filtering water for food and waste removal.
    • Asexual and sexual reproduction methods are common.

    Cnidarians (Cnidaria)

    • Exhibit radial or biradial symmetry.
    • Have specialized stinging cells (cnidocytes) for capturing prey.
    • Life cycle frequently alternates between polyp (sessile, stalk-like) and medusa (free-swimming, bell-like) forms.
    • Include corals, jellyfish, and sea anemones.
    • Extracellular and intracellular digestion.

    Flatworms, Nematodes, and Arthropods

    • Flatworms (Platyhelminthes): Acoelomate; primarily parasitic or free-living; incomplete digestive systems.
    • Nematodes (Nematoda): Pseudocoelomate; many are free-living or parasitic. Complete digestive system; exoskeleton.
    • Arthropods (Arthropoda): Coelomate. jointed appendages and an exoskeleton. Many types of respiratory systems, varied life styles.

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    Chapter 15: Diversity of Animals PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the diversity of animals, their reproduction, and classification systems. This quiz covers key concepts including eukaryotic characteristics, modes of reproduction, and the evolutionary basis of animal classifications. Explore how animals' developmental stages and genetic make-up influence their classification.

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