Animal Diversity and Anatomy Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following scientific names are written correctly? Mark the names that are correct.

  • Melanoplus femurrubrum
  • Cedrus libani (correct)
  • pinus densifolia
  • Ferocactus cylindraceus (correct)
  • drosophila melanogaster (correct)
  • Canis Familiaris
  • Caenoharbditis elegans
  • Zea Mays (correct)
  • Larrea Tridentata
  • Eschiarichia coli

What type of symmetry do humans have?

Bilateral symmetry

What type of symmetry do jellyfish have?

Radial symmetry

What type of digestive system do you have?

<p>Alimentary canal</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many species of Porifera are there?

<p>Approximately 10,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

Members of this phylum are called ___________

<p>Sponges</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a choanocyte?

<p>A flagellated cell that helps circulate water in sponges</p> Signup and view all the answers

Do sponges have organs or tissues?

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does digestion take place in sponges?

<p>Inside the sponge</p> Signup and view all the answers

Do sponges have a nervous system?

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Sponges reproduce:

<p>Both sexually and asexually (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many species of cnidarians are there?

<p>Approximately 10,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

Common names for members of this phylum include ___________

<p>Jellyfish, sea anemones, corals, and hydras</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a nematocyst?

<p>A stinging capsule</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of digestive system do cnidarians have?

<p>Gastrovascular cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

Do cnidarians have brains?

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The two stages in the life cycle of cnidarians are called ___________ and ___________

<p>Polyp and Medusa</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which life-cycle stage can move?

<p>Medusa</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many species of Platyhelminthes are there?

<p>Approximately 20,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of digestive system do Platyhelminthes have?

<p>Gastrovascular cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of nervous system do Platyhelminthes have?

<p>Simple nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

Do Platyhelminthes have brains?

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Platyhelminthes reproduce:

<p>Both sexually and asexually (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What animals are infected by eggs of the beef tapeworm? ___________ and ___________

<p>Cattle and pigs</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can humans become infected with beef tapeworm?

<p>By eating undercooked beef or pork</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many species of arthropods are there?

<p>Over 1 million</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of digestive system do arthropods have?

<p>Complete digestive system</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of nervous system do arthropods have?

<p>Complex nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

Do arthropods have brains?

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of circulatory system do arthropods have?

<p>Open circulatory system</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do arthropods acquire oxygen?

<p>Through specialized respiratory organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do arthropods reproduce?

<p>Sexually</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many species belong to the phylum Chordata?

<p>Over 65,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the major characteristics of members of the Vertebrata?

<p>They have a backbone or vertebral column, a skull to protect the brain, a closed circulatory system with a heart and blood vessels, and a well-developed nervous system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ventricle pumps blood to the lungs?

<p>Right ventricle</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ___________ transports sperm from the ___________

<p>Vas deferens, epididymis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the corresponding structures of the male and female reproductive systems?

<p>Males have testes, females have ovaries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are coronary arteries and veins?

<p>They are the vessels that supply blood to the heart muscle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens if a coronary artery is blocked?

<p>A heart attack can occur.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Systematics

The branch of biology that classifies species according to their evolutionary relationships, reflected in anatomy, physiology, and DNA.

Genus

A group of closely related species.

Scientific Name

The two-word scientific name of a species, written in Latin. The first word is the genus, and the second word is the species epithet.

Species Epithet

The specific name that identifies a species within its genus.

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Radial Symmetry

A type of symmetry where an organism can be divided into two equal halves along any plane passing through the central axis.

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Bilateral Symmetry

A type of symmetry where an organism can be divided into two equal halves along only one plane.

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Internal Skeleton

A skeleton located inside the body, composed of bones.

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External Skeleton

A skeleton located outside the body, usually hard and protective.

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Hydrostatic Skeleton

A type of skeleton that uses fluid pressure to maintain and alter shape.

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Appendage

A body part that extends from the main body, often used for movement or grasping.

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Gastrovascular Cavity

A digestive system with one opening that serves as both mouth and anus.

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Alimentary Canal

A digestive system with two openings: a mouth for ingestion and an anus for elimination.

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Choanocyte

A type of cell found in sponges that has a flagellum and a collar of microvilli, used for filter feeding.

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Cnidocyte

A specialized cell found in cnidarians that contains a stinging organelle called a nematocyst.

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Nematocyst

A stinging organelle found inside cnidocytes, used to capture prey or deter predators.

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Medusa

The free-swimming, mobile stage in the life cycle of cnidarians, typically characterized by radial symmetry.

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Polyp

The sessile, polyp-shaped stage in the life cycle of cnidarians, typically attached to a substrate.

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Tapeworm

A flatworm that is parasitic and lives inside the intestines of vertebrate animals.

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Open Circulatory System

A type of circulatory system where blood is pumped through vessels but does not circulate throughout the body in a closed loop.

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Closed Circulatory System

A type of circulatory system where blood is continuously pumped through a closed network of vessels.

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Hexapoda

A group of arthropods that have six legs, such as insects.

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Arthropoda

A group of arthropods that have a hard exoskeleton and jointed legs, including insects, crustaceans, arachnids, and myriapods.

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Heart

The main organ of the circulatory system, responsible for pumping blood.

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Artery

A blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart towards the body.

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Vein

A blood vessel that carries blood back to the heart.

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Capillary

A tiny blood vessel that connects arteries and veins, allowing for the exchange of gases and nutrients.

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Stomach

The part of the digestive system that mixes food with gastric juices.

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Pancreas

The organ that secretes digestive enzymes into the small intestine.

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Liver

The organ that produces bile, which helps in fat digestion.

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Small Intestine

The part of the digestive system where most nutrient absorption takes place.

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Large Intestine

The part of the digestive system that absorbs water and forms feces.

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Ovary

The female reproductive organ that produces eggs.

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Testicle

The male reproductive organ that produces sperm.

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Epididymis

The organ that carries sperm from the testis to the vas deferens.

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Vas Deferens

The tube that carries sperm from the epididymis to the urethra.

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Study Notes

Animal Diversity and Anatomy

  • Scientists have cataloged approximately 2 million animal species
  • The exact number of animal species is unknown
  • Familiar animals include cats, dogs, horses, elephants, dolphins, turtles
  • Less-familiar species are often confused with plants
  • Systematics names and classifies species based on evolutionary relationships, anatomy, physiology, and DNA
  • Closely related species are grouped into genera, families, orders, classes, phyla, kingdoms, and domains
  • The Animalia kingdom belongs to the Eukarya domain
  • Scientific names consist of two Latin words: the genus capitalized, the species lowercase, both italicized or underlined
  • Examples of correctly written scientific names include Canis Familiaris and Zea Mays. Melanoplus femurrubrum, Cedrus libani, Eschiarichia coli, pinus densifolia, drosophila melanogaster, Larrea Tridentata and Caenoharbditis elegans, Ferocactus cylindraceus

The Classification of Animals

  • Animals are classified into many phyla
  • New discoveries lead to changes in classifications and new phyla
  • Newly discovered species are often added to existing classifications
  • Major characteristics distinguish one phylum from another
  • Symmetry: some animals lack symmetry, others have different types (radial or bilateral)
    • Humans have bilateral symmetry
    • Jellyfish have radial symmetry
  • Skeleton: internal (humans) or external (insects), or hydrostatic (fluid pressure)
  • Appendages: occur in pairs in most animals
  • Digestive system: one opening (gastrovascular cavity) or two openings (alimentary canal)
  • Additional characteristics further distinguish phyla

Phylum Porifera

  • The phylum Porifera (sponges) has many species
  • Members of this phylum are called sponges
  • Key characteristics:
    • Lack of tissues and organs
    • Pores for water passage
    • Filter-feeding
    • Choanocytes (collar cells) for feeding
    • Reproduce sexually and asexually
  • Divided into 3 classes

Phylum Cnidaria

  • Cnidarians have many species
  • Common names include jellyfish, corals, sea anemones
  • Key characteristics:
    • Radial symmetry
    • Tentacles with stinging cells (cnidocytes) containing nematocysts
    • Simple body structure (polyp or medusa form)
    • Gastrovascular cavity for digestion
  • Do not have brains

Phylum Platyhelminthes

  • Platyhelminthes (flatworms) have many species
  • Common names include flukes, tapeworms
  • Key characteristics:
  • Bilateral symmetry
    • Flattened body shape
    • One opening digestive system
    • Simple nervous system
  • Some species can cause diseases in humans
  • Can reproduce sexually and asexually

Phylum Arthropoda

  • Arthropods have many species
  • Common names include insects, spiders, crustaceans
  • Key characteristics:
    • Exoskeleton
    • Segmented body
    • Jointed appendages
    • Versatile
  • Have brains and various respiratory and circulatory systems

Animal Anatomy: Circulatory System

  • The circulatory system transports nutrients and wastes through the body
  •  The main components are the heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries
  •  The heart pumps blood

Animal Anatomy: Digestive System

  • The digestive system breaks down food and absorbs nutrients
  • Includes structures such as the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, rectum and anus, pancreas, liver, and gall bladder

Animal Anatomy: Reproductive System

  • The reproductive systems of males and females have different structures
  • Include parts like ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, vagina in females; testes, epididymis, vas deferens, prostate, seminal vesicles, urethra, and penis in males

Animal Anatomy: Skeletal System

  • The skeleton provides support and structure
  • Examples of bones include sternum, scapula, ribs, clavicle, vertebrae, pelvis, coccyx, humerus, femur, and manubrium

Frog Dissection

  • Identification of the frog's eardrum, respiratory system (lungs), circulatory system (heart), and other internal organs
  • Includes mouth, tongue, intestines, stomach, liver, pancreas, cloaca, and other organs.

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