Animal Classification Lab Activities

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the gall bladder in a frog?

To regulate blood flow

To store bile (correct)

To digest proteins

To absorb nutrients from digested food

Which organ is responsible for producing bile in the frog's body?

Gall bladder

Stomach

Pancreas

Liver (correct)

What regulates the exit of digested food from the stomach to the small intestine?

Ileum

Conus arteriosis

Esophagus

Pyloric sphincter valve (correct)

Which structure is located at the inside curve of the stomach and is a gland?

Pancreas Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the spleen in a frog's body?

To hold blood Signup and view all the answers

In which part of the frog's digestive system does absorption of digested nutrients primarily occur?

Small intestine Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is located behind the heart and liver in a frog?

Lungs Signup and view all the answers

What is the final stop before waste materials exit the frog's body?

Cloca Signup and view all the answers

What are the primary regions of the frog's body as identified in the activity?

Medial axial and peripheral appendicular Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a reason why frogs are used as a representative animal in studies?

They are easy to observe in their natural habitat. Signup and view all the answers

In the lab activity, where should the frog be placed for proper observation?

On the dissection tray with its dorsal side facing up Signup and view all the answers

What two major body structures are included in the medial axial region of the frog?

Head and trunk Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the frog and toad is true?

Toads can be identified easily from frogs. Signup and view all the answers

What is one key advantage of studying the frog in biological courses?

Their structures can be easily demonstrated. Signup and view all the answers

During the lab, students are instructed to place images of which animals for comparison?

Toad and frog Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the laboratory activities focused on the frog?

To observe and classify frogs within the animal kingdom. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the nictitating membrane in frogs when they are on land?

To protect the eyes from debris Signup and view all the answers

Which feature distinguishes toads from frogs according to their skin texture?

Rough, warty, and light colored skin Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the enlarged glands below the tympanic membrane in frogs?

They produce toxins for defense Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of the tongue in toads compared to frogs?

Oval and broad Signup and view all the answers

How do the leg sizes of frogs correlate with their function?

Longer legs are used for jumping and escaping Signup and view all the answers

Where do you typically find toads in their natural habitat?

In rocky, stony places Signup and view all the answers

What is a distinguishing feature of a frog's head shape?

Pointed and elongated Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the webbed toes in frogs when swimming?

To increase surface area for propulsion Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the pithing procedure during frog dissection?

To destroy sensory perception by severing the brain and spinal cord Signup and view all the answers

Which materials are necessary for dissecting a frog according to the provided content?

Dissecting pan, dissecting set, chloroform, and live frog Signup and view all the answers

How should one position the frog prior to the pithing procedure?

Ventral side up with feet extended Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following actions is NOT recommended while performing the pithing procedure?

Using undue pressure on the frog's skin Signup and view all the answers

When dissecting the abdominal muscles, where should the incision be made?

Along the midline of the body and towards the forelimbs Signup and view all the answers

What may need to be removed from a female frog to view the organs during dissection?

Eggs Signup and view all the answers

What color are the fat bodies typically described as during frog dissection?

Bright orange or yellow Signup and view all the answers

Which organ is NOT typically located within the abdominal cavity of a frog?

Kidneys Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Eustachian tubes in a frog's mouth?

To equalize pressure in the inner ear Signup and view all the answers

Where does the esophagus in a frog lead to?

The stomach Signup and view all the answers

How should the frog be prepared before observing its heartbeat?

Pin it in a dissecting pan Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of taking pictures of the specimen during dissection?

To document the dissection process Signup and view all the answers

What should be done with the frog specimen after dissection?

Put it back in the bottle or beaker Signup and view all the answers

Which structure in the frog's mouth is primarily used for capturing food?

Tongue Signup and view all the answers

How should the frog's heart be described during observation?

It beats steadily and rhythmically Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step when examining a frog's mouth for dissection?

Pry the mouth open and cut the angles Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Laboratory Activity No. 6: Animal Classification

Objectives: Observe and identify frog characteristics; classify within Phylum Chordata, Subphylum Vertebrata, and Class Amphibia.
Activity:
- Place frog on dissection tray, dorsal side up.
- Insert images of toad and frog (dorsal view).
- Indicate taxonomic classification of the specimen.

Laboratory Activity No. 7: The External Anatomy of the Frog/Toad

Objectives:
- Familiarize with frog/toad external anatomy.
- Identify body parts (medial axial and peripheral appendicular).
Materials: Alive frog/toad, aquarium half-filled with water, stopwatch.
Body structure:
- Composed of various structural parts enabling life processes and external relationships.
- Divided into medial axial region (head, trunk) and peripheral appendicular region (forelimbs, hindlimbs).
- Frogs easily distinguished from toads (use table for key differences).

Additional Activities (Page 3)

Observe and examine frog's appendages; determine correlation between leg size and functions.
Note differences between dorsal and ventral skin; observe coloration and enlarged glands (poison glands) near the tympanic membrane and their function.
Determine sex of the specimen (use a reference).
Observe frog in aquarium; note webbed feet function.
Draw and label a dorsal view of a frog/toad.
Document frog pithing and pinning process.

Additional Activities (Page 4-5)

Photograph of actual frog specimen (with corresponding labelled external anatomical parts).
Detailed macroscopic frog anatomy diagram (with labeled structures like snout, external naris, browspot, upper/lower eyelid, tympanic membrane, digits, forearm, upper arm, median dorsal line, hump, anus, thigh, shank, tarsus, prehallux, digits, toes, web).

Laboratory Activity No. 8: Dissecting a Frog/Toad

Objectives:
- Familiarize with frog/toad dissection procedures.
- Practice dissecting a frog/toad correctly.
Materials: Dissecting pan, dissecting kit, live frog/toad, chloroform, formalin, preserving bottle.
Pithing Procedure: Hold frog; grasp with fingers (nose, jaw); flex head forward; insert probe into cranial vault; sever brain and spinal cord; destroy brain.

Laboratory Activity No. 8: Continued (Page 7)

Locate organs and organs; label those organs found if they’re in the frog.
Fat Bodies (Spaghetti shaped): orange/yellow colored found inside the abdominal wall; locate the abdominal wall.
Peritoneum: Located covering the heart. A spider-web like membrane that covers many of the organs.
Liver: Large cavity organ; brown colored; composed of three lobes, right, left anterior, and left posterior.
Heart: triangular structure located near top of liver; composed of right/left atrium and a single ventricle; large vessel extending from the heart is the conus arteriosis.
Lungs, Gall Bladder, Stomach, Pancreas, Small Intestine, Large Intestine, Spleen, Esophagus, and the location of each in the frog.

Laboratory Activity No. 8: Continued (Page 8)

Lungs: locate two spongy lungs behind heart, liver.
Gall bladder: small green sac under the liver; stores bile.
Stomach: first major site of chemical digestion.
Pancreas: inside the curve of the stomach.
Small intestine: leads from stomach; has duodenum and ileum portions; held together by mesentery (blood vessels carry nutrients).
Large Intestine: Widens into large intestine, leads to cloaca, the exit point for solid wastes, sperm, eggs, and urine.
Spleen: dark red spherical object; stores/holds blood.
Esophagus: tube from frog’s mouth to stomach.
Procedure for handling and identifying body parts during dissection.
Draw frog specimen with labeled organs; preserve the specimen

Laboratory Activity No. 9: Anatomy of the Frog's Mouth

Objectives: Identify and describe internal structures of frog's mouth; understand frog mouth's adaptations to feeding.
Materials: Frog, dissecting pan, dissecting kit, scissors, probe.
Procedure: Pry frog's mouth open; cut the jaw angles.
Locate the tongue; describe shape/attachment (front or back of the mouth); sketch tongue shape.

Laboratory Activity No. 9: Continued (Page 11)

Esophagus: tube leading from mouth to stomach.
Eustachian tubes: small openings near the jaw; equalize pressure.
Glottis: Opening; slit-like opening behind the tongue opening to the lungs.
Vomerine & Maxillary teeth: On the roof and edge of the mouth, used for holding prey (not chew).
Nostrils: on the roof of the mouth; openings lead to outside.
Label structures of the frog's mouth.

Laboratory Activity No. 9: Continued (Page 12)

Table to complete (with structures, functions, and locations of mouth parts).

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Description

Explore the classification and anatomy of frogs and toads in this laboratory activity. Understand their characteristics, taxonomic classification, and external body parts through observation and identification. Perfect for students studying biology and anatomy.