Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the gall bladder in a frog?
What is the primary function of the gall bladder in a frog?
- To regulate blood flow
- To store bile (correct)
- To digest proteins
- To absorb nutrients from digested food
Which organ is responsible for producing bile in the frog's body?
Which organ is responsible for producing bile in the frog's body?
- Gall bladder
- Stomach
- Pancreas
- Liver (correct)
What regulates the exit of digested food from the stomach to the small intestine?
What regulates the exit of digested food from the stomach to the small intestine?
- Ileum
- Conus arteriosis
- Esophagus
- Pyloric sphincter valve (correct)
Which structure is located at the inside curve of the stomach and is a gland?
Which structure is located at the inside curve of the stomach and is a gland?
What is the function of the spleen in a frog's body?
What is the function of the spleen in a frog's body?
In which part of the frog's digestive system does absorption of digested nutrients primarily occur?
In which part of the frog's digestive system does absorption of digested nutrients primarily occur?
Which structure is located behind the heart and liver in a frog?
Which structure is located behind the heart and liver in a frog?
What is the final stop before waste materials exit the frog's body?
What is the final stop before waste materials exit the frog's body?
What are the primary regions of the frog's body as identified in the activity?
What are the primary regions of the frog's body as identified in the activity?
Which of the following is NOT a reason why frogs are used as a representative animal in studies?
Which of the following is NOT a reason why frogs are used as a representative animal in studies?
In the lab activity, where should the frog be placed for proper observation?
In the lab activity, where should the frog be placed for proper observation?
What two major body structures are included in the medial axial region of the frog?
What two major body structures are included in the medial axial region of the frog?
Which of the following statements about the frog and toad is true?
Which of the following statements about the frog and toad is true?
What is one key advantage of studying the frog in biological courses?
What is one key advantage of studying the frog in biological courses?
During the lab, students are instructed to place images of which animals for comparison?
During the lab, students are instructed to place images of which animals for comparison?
What is the primary purpose of the laboratory activities focused on the frog?
What is the primary purpose of the laboratory activities focused on the frog?
What is the primary role of the nictitating membrane in frogs when they are on land?
What is the primary role of the nictitating membrane in frogs when they are on land?
Which feature distinguishes toads from frogs according to their skin texture?
Which feature distinguishes toads from frogs according to their skin texture?
What is the significance of the enlarged glands below the tympanic membrane in frogs?
What is the significance of the enlarged glands below the tympanic membrane in frogs?
What is the shape of the tongue in toads compared to frogs?
What is the shape of the tongue in toads compared to frogs?
How do the leg sizes of frogs correlate with their function?
How do the leg sizes of frogs correlate with their function?
Where do you typically find toads in their natural habitat?
Where do you typically find toads in their natural habitat?
What is a distinguishing feature of a frog's head shape?
What is a distinguishing feature of a frog's head shape?
What is the purpose of the webbed toes in frogs when swimming?
What is the purpose of the webbed toes in frogs when swimming?
What is the primary purpose of the pithing procedure during frog dissection?
What is the primary purpose of the pithing procedure during frog dissection?
Which materials are necessary for dissecting a frog according to the provided content?
Which materials are necessary for dissecting a frog according to the provided content?
How should one position the frog prior to the pithing procedure?
How should one position the frog prior to the pithing procedure?
Which of the following actions is NOT recommended while performing the pithing procedure?
Which of the following actions is NOT recommended while performing the pithing procedure?
When dissecting the abdominal muscles, where should the incision be made?
When dissecting the abdominal muscles, where should the incision be made?
What may need to be removed from a female frog to view the organs during dissection?
What may need to be removed from a female frog to view the organs during dissection?
What color are the fat bodies typically described as during frog dissection?
What color are the fat bodies typically described as during frog dissection?
Which organ is NOT typically located within the abdominal cavity of a frog?
Which organ is NOT typically located within the abdominal cavity of a frog?
What is the purpose of the Eustachian tubes in a frog's mouth?
What is the purpose of the Eustachian tubes in a frog's mouth?
Where does the esophagus in a frog lead to?
Where does the esophagus in a frog lead to?
How should the frog be prepared before observing its heartbeat?
How should the frog be prepared before observing its heartbeat?
What is the significance of taking pictures of the specimen during dissection?
What is the significance of taking pictures of the specimen during dissection?
What should be done with the frog specimen after dissection?
What should be done with the frog specimen after dissection?
Which structure in the frog's mouth is primarily used for capturing food?
Which structure in the frog's mouth is primarily used for capturing food?
How should the frog's heart be described during observation?
How should the frog's heart be described during observation?
What is the first step when examining a frog's mouth for dissection?
What is the first step when examining a frog's mouth for dissection?
Flashcards
Frog Anatomy Regions
Frog Anatomy Regions
The frog's body is divided into a medial axial region (head and trunk) and a peripheral appendicular region (forelimbs and hindlimbs).
Frog Classification
Frog Classification
Frogs belong to the Phylum Chordata, Subphylum Vertebrata, and Class Amphibia.
Frog vs. Toad
Frog vs. Toad
Frogs and toads, while both amphibians, have distinct characteristics.
External Anatomy
External Anatomy
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Medial Axial Region
Medial Axial Region
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Peripheral Appendicular Region
Peripheral Appendicular Region
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Dorsal View
Dorsal View
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Taxonomic Classification
Taxonomic Classification
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Frog Dissection Objective 1
Frog Dissection Objective 1
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Frog Dissection Objective 2
Frog Dissection Objective 2
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Pithing
Pithing
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Pithing: Probe Location
Pithing: Probe Location
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Pithing: Purpose
Pithing: Purpose
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Dissection Step 1
Dissection Step 1
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Dissection Step 2
Dissection Step 2
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Dissection Step 3
Dissection Step 3
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Nictitating membrane
Nictitating membrane
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Tympanic membrane
Tympanic membrane
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Poison glands
Poison glands
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Webbed feet
Webbed feet
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Frog jump
Frog jump
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Hindlimbs vs. Forelimbs
Hindlimbs vs. Forelimbs
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Dorsal vs. Ventral
Dorsal vs. Ventral
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Frog's Breathing
Frog's Breathing
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Frog Tongue Attachment
Frog Tongue Attachment
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Esophagus: Frog's Food Tube
Esophagus: Frog's Food Tube
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Eustachian Tubes: Frog Ear Pressure
Eustachian Tubes: Frog Ear Pressure
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Frog Heartbeat: Observing Rate
Frog Heartbeat: Observing Rate
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Frog Heartbeat: Description
Frog Heartbeat: Description
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Frog Organ Comparison
Frog Organ Comparison
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Frog Mouth Diagram
Frog Mouth Diagram
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Frog Specimen Preservation
Frog Specimen Preservation
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Liver Function
Liver Function
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Gall Bladder Role
Gall Bladder Role
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Stomach Location
Stomach Location
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Pyloric Sphincter
Pyloric Sphincter
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Small Intestine Parts
Small Intestine Parts
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Mesentery Function
Mesentery Function
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Large Intestine Role
Large Intestine Role
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Spleen Function
Spleen Function
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Study Notes
Laboratory Activity No. 6: Animal Classification
- Objectives: Observe and identify frog characteristics; classify within Phylum Chordata, Subphylum Vertebrata, and Class Amphibia.
- Activity:
- Place frog on dissection tray, dorsal side up.
- Insert images of toad and frog (dorsal view).
- Indicate taxonomic classification of the specimen.
Laboratory Activity No. 7: The External Anatomy of the Frog/Toad
- Objectives:
- Familiarize with frog/toad external anatomy.
- Identify body parts (medial axial and peripheral appendicular).
- Materials: Alive frog/toad, aquarium half-filled with water, stopwatch.
- Body structure:
- Composed of various structural parts enabling life processes and external relationships.
- Divided into medial axial region (head, trunk) and peripheral appendicular region (forelimbs, hindlimbs).
- Frogs easily distinguished from toads (use table for key differences).
Additional Activities (Page 3)
- Observe and examine frog's appendages; determine correlation between leg size and functions.
- Note differences between dorsal and ventral skin; observe coloration and enlarged glands (poison glands) near the tympanic membrane and their function.
- Determine sex of the specimen (use a reference).
- Observe frog in aquarium; note webbed feet function.
- Draw and label a dorsal view of a frog/toad.
- Document frog pithing and pinning process.
Additional Activities (Page 4-5)
- Photograph of actual frog specimen (with corresponding labelled external anatomical parts).
- Detailed macroscopic frog anatomy diagram (with labeled structures like snout, external naris, browspot, upper/lower eyelid, tympanic membrane, digits, forearm, upper arm, median dorsal line, hump, anus, thigh, shank, tarsus, prehallux, digits, toes, web).
Laboratory Activity No. 8: Dissecting a Frog/Toad
-
Objectives:
- Familiarize with frog/toad dissection procedures.
- Practice dissecting a frog/toad correctly.
-
Materials: Dissecting pan, dissecting kit, live frog/toad, chloroform, formalin, preserving bottle.
-
Pithing Procedure: Hold frog; grasp with fingers (nose, jaw); flex head forward; insert probe into cranial vault; sever brain and spinal cord; destroy brain.
Laboratory Activity No. 8: Continued (Page 7)
- Locate organs and organs; label those organs found if they’re in the frog.
- Fat Bodies (Spaghetti shaped): orange/yellow colored found inside the abdominal wall; locate the abdominal wall.
- Peritoneum: Located covering the heart. A spider-web like membrane that covers many of the organs.
- Liver: Large cavity organ; brown colored; composed of three lobes, right, left anterior, and left posterior.
- Heart: triangular structure located near top of liver; composed of right/left atrium and a single ventricle; large vessel extending from the heart is the conus arteriosis.
- Lungs, Gall Bladder, Stomach, Pancreas, Small Intestine, Large Intestine, Spleen, Esophagus, and the location of each in the frog.
Laboratory Activity No. 8: Continued (Page 8)
- Lungs: locate two spongy lungs behind heart, liver.
- Gall bladder: small green sac under the liver; stores bile.
- Stomach: first major site of chemical digestion.
- Pancreas: inside the curve of the stomach.
- Small intestine: leads from stomach; has duodenum and ileum portions; held together by mesentery (blood vessels carry nutrients).
- Large Intestine: Widens into large intestine, leads to cloaca, the exit point for solid wastes, sperm, eggs, and urine.
- Spleen: dark red spherical object; stores/holds blood.
- Esophagus: tube from frog’s mouth to stomach.
- Procedure for handling and identifying body parts during dissection.
- Draw frog specimen with labeled organs; preserve the specimen
Laboratory Activity No. 9: Anatomy of the Frog's Mouth
- Objectives: Identify and describe internal structures of frog's mouth; understand frog mouth's adaptations to feeding.
- Materials: Frog, dissecting pan, dissecting kit, scissors, probe.
- Procedure: Pry frog's mouth open; cut the jaw angles.
- Locate the tongue; describe shape/attachment (front or back of the mouth); sketch tongue shape.
Laboratory Activity No. 9: Continued (Page 11)
- Esophagus: tube leading from mouth to stomach.
- Eustachian tubes: small openings near the jaw; equalize pressure.
- Glottis: Opening; slit-like opening behind the tongue opening to the lungs.
- Vomerine & Maxillary teeth: On the roof and edge of the mouth, used for holding prey (not chew).
- Nostrils: on the roof of the mouth; openings lead to outside.
- Label structures of the frog's mouth.
Laboratory Activity No. 9: Continued (Page 12)
- Table to complete (with structures, functions, and locations of mouth parts).
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Description
Explore the classification and anatomy of frogs and toads in this laboratory activity. Understand their characteristics, taxonomic classification, and external body parts through observation and identification. Perfect for students studying biology and anatomy.
