Animal Diseases and Immunity Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What are pathogens?

Infectious agents that can enter the body through various routes

Agents capable of causing disease (correct)

Durable cells that can survive extremes in moisture and temperature

One-celled organisms that lack membrane-bound organelles

How do bacteria reproduce?

By preventing heavy water flow into the cell

By picking up stain

By forming endospores

Through cell division (correct)

What is the function of endospores in bacteria?

To prevent heavy water flow into the cell

To provide a kind of hibernation for prokaryotes (correct)

To enable bacteria to live in most environments

To produce infectious agents

How are infectious agents classified?

Into four major classes: bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites Signup and view all the answers

What enables a bacterium to live in most environments?

Cell wall that prevents heavy water flow into the cell Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a virus as either RNA or DNA?

Type of nucleic acid found in its core Signup and view all the answers

How do viruses cause harm to animals?

By attaching to and invading host cells, replicating, and destroying them Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes fungi from other organisms?

Eukaryotic cells with cell walls but no chlorophyll Signup and view all the answers

How do fungi primarily reproduce?

By spores Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes parasites that cause disease from those that serve as carriers?

Ability to directly cause disease or disorders Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a virus as either RNA or DNA?

Type of nucleic acid in its core Signup and view all the answers

How do viruses cause harm to animals?

By attaching to and invading host cells, replicating, and destroying them Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes fungi from other organisms?

Eukaryotic cells with cell walls but no chlorophyll Signup and view all the answers

How can fungi enter an animal's body?

Through the skin, eyes, respiratory system, or digestive system Signup and view all the answers

How do parasites cause disease?

By directly invading host cells or serving as carriers of diseases Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

What are Pathogens?

Pathogens are microorganisms that can cause disease in their hosts.
They include bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites.

How do Bacteria Reproduce?

Bacteria primarily reproduce through binary fission, a process where a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells.
Under favorable conditions, bacteria can reproduce rapidly, doubling their population in as little as 20 minutes.

Function of Endospores in Bacteria

Endospores are dormant, tough structures formed by certain bacteria to survive extreme conditions.
They protect genetic material from heat, desiccation, and radiation, allowing bacteria to endure until conditions improve.

Classification of Infectious Agents

Infectious agents are classified into four main categories: bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites.
Classification is based on characteristics such as cellular structure, type of reproduction, and modes of infection.

Bacterial Adaptation to Environments

Bacteria possess metabolic versatility, allowing them to utilize a wide range of substrates for energy.
Their ability to form biofilms and adapt to different environmental conditions contributes to their survival in diverse habitats.

Distinction Between RNA and DNA Viruses

Viruses are classified as RNA or DNA based on the type of nucleic acid they contain.
RNA viruses use RNA as their genetic material, while DNA viruses use DNA.

How Viruses Cause Harm to Animals

Viruses harm animals by invading host cells, disrupting normal cellular functions and leading to cell death.
This process can trigger immune responses, resulting in inflammation and symptoms of disease.

Distinguishing Fungi from Other Organisms

Fungi are distinct for their chitin-based cell walls and mode of nutrition, which involves absorbing nutrients from their environment.
They do not photosynthesize and do not possess true tissues like plants and animals.

Fungal Reproduction

Fungi primarily reproduce through spores, which can be sexual or asexual.
Asexual reproduction includes budding and fragmentation, while sexual reproduction involves the fusion of specialized reproductive cells.

Distinction Between Disease-Causing and Carrier Parasites

Pathogenic parasites actively cause harm to their hosts, leading to disease.
Carrier parasites, on the other hand, may not cause immediate harm but can transmit pathogens to other organisms.

How Fungi Enter an Animal's Body

Fungi can enter an animal's body through various routes, including inhalation, ingestion, or through skin and mucosal surfaces.
They may enter via open wounds or through the respiratory system.

How Parasites Cause Disease

Parasites cause disease by invading host tissues, consuming nutrients, and evading the host's immune system.
Disease can result from direct damage to tissues or through the immune response triggered by the presence of the parasite.