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Questions and Answers
What is the name of the process that includes gametophyte development, sperm delivery by pollen tubes, double fertilization and seed development?
What is the name of the process that includes gametophyte development, sperm delivery by pollen tubes, double fertilization and seed development?
Pollination
What is the name of the structure in which female gametophytes are developed in angiosperms?
What is the name of the structure in which female gametophytes are developed in angiosperms?
Ovule
The sporophyte stage in angiosperms is more reduced than in other plants.
The sporophyte stage in angiosperms is more reduced than in other plants.
True
What type of cell undergoes meiosis to produce a haploid megaspore?
What type of cell undergoes meiosis to produce a haploid megaspore?
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What does the surviving megaspore undergo?
What does the surviving megaspore undergo?
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What are the seven types of cells that the megaspore divides into?
What are the seven types of cells that the megaspore divides into?
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The ______ cells, flanking the egg guide the pollen tube.
The ______ cells, flanking the egg guide the pollen tube.
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What happens to the two polar nuclei?
What happens to the two polar nuclei?
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What does the mature female gametophyte in angiosperms represent?
What does the mature female gametophyte in angiosperms represent?
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Where does development of the female gametophyte (embryo sac) take place?
Where does development of the female gametophyte (embryo sac) take place?
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Study Notes
Angiosperm Life Cycle
- Pollination is a key part of the angiosperm life cycle
- Involves gametophyte development, sperm delivery (via pollen tubes), and double fertilization, leading to seed development
Seed Plant Evolution
- Over time, gametophytes in seed plants have decreased in size and become entirely dependent on the sporophyte for nourishment
- Angiosperms are notable for the significant reduction in gametophyte size from multicellular structures to just a few microscopic cells within protective tissues
Female Gametophyte Development (Embryo Sac)
- Location: Development occurs within ovules inside the ovary of the carpel
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Process:
- The megasporocyte (within the megasporangium) undergoes meiosis to produce four haploid megaspores. Usually, only one megaspore survives.
- This surviving megaspore undergoes three rounds of mitosis without cytokinesis, creating a large cell with eight haploid nuclei
- Membranes then divide the cell into seven cells
- One cell develops into an egg cell, near the micropyle
- Two synergid cells flank the egg and guide the pollen tube
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Description
Explore the fascinating life cycle of angiosperms, focusing on pollination, gametophyte development, and double fertilization. Learn about the evolution of seed plants and the significance of the reduction in gametophyte size, culminating in the complex development of the female gametophyte within ovules.
