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# Za Plakat - Pollination is one in the angiosperm life cycle. The process includes gametophyte development, sperm delivery by pollen tubes, double fertilization, and seed development. Over the course of seed plant evolution, gametophytes became reduced in size and wholly dependent on the sporophy...

# Za Plakat - Pollination is one in the angiosperm life cycle. The process includes gametophyte development, sperm delivery by pollen tubes, double fertilization, and seed development. Over the course of seed plant evolution, gametophytes became reduced in size and wholly dependent on the sporophyte for nutrients. The gametophytes of angiosperms are the most reduced of all plants, consisting of only a few microscopic cells, hidden within protective tissues. ## Development of Female Gametophytes (Embryo Sacs) **Location:** Occurs in ovules within the ovary of the carpel. **Process:** 1. The megasporocyte in the megasporangium undergoes meiosis, producing four haploid megaspores (Usually only one survives). 2. The surviving megaspore undergoes three rounds of mitosis without cytokinesis, creating a large cell with eight haploid nuclei. 3. Membranes divide the cell into seven cells: * One egg cell (near the micropyle) * Two synergid cells (flanking the egg, guiding the pollen tube)