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Questions and Answers
What process is involved in the angiosperm life cycle?
What process is involved in the angiosperm life cycle?
Pollination
What are the steps involved in angiosperm life cycles?
What are the steps involved in angiosperm life cycles?
Gametophyte development, sperm delivery by pollen tubes, double fertilization, and seed development.
Where are the female gametophytes, or embryo sacs, located?
Where are the female gametophytes, or embryo sacs, located?
In ovules within the ovary of the carpel.
What undergoes meiosis to produce haploid megaspores?
What undergoes meiosis to produce haploid megaspores?
The surviving megaspore undergoes three rounds of mitosis without cytokinesis, creating a large cell with eight haploid nuclei.
The surviving megaspore undergoes three rounds of mitosis without cytokinesis, creating a large cell with eight haploid nuclei.
What are the cells that result from the megaspore dividing into seven cells?
What are the cells that result from the megaspore dividing into seven cells?
What is the function of synergid cells?
What is the function of synergid cells?
Over the course of seed plant evolution, the gametophyte became reduced in size and wholly dependent on the sporophyte for nutrients.
Over the course of seed plant evolution, the gametophyte became reduced in size and wholly dependent on the sporophyte for nutrients.
The gametophytes of all plants are the most reduced of all plants.
The gametophytes of all plants are the most reduced of all plants.
What is the name of the process that leads to the reduction of the gametophyte?
What is the name of the process that leads to the reduction of the gametophyte?
Flashcards
Pollination
Pollination
The process by which pollen, containing male gametes (sperm), is transferred from the anther of a flower to the stigma, initiating fertilization.
Sporophyte
Sporophyte
The generation in a plant's life cycle that produces spores. In angiosperms, the sporophyte is the dominant generation, constituting the visible plant body.
Gametophyte
Gametophyte
The generation in a plant's life cycle that produces gametes (sperm and egg). In angiosperms, the gametophyte is very small, consisting of only a few cells.
How does pollination occur?
How does pollination occur?
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Male gametophyte development
Male gametophyte development
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Sperm delivery by pollen tubes
Sperm delivery by pollen tubes
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Double fertilization
Double fertilization
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Seed development
Seed development
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Reduction of gametophytes
Reduction of gametophytes
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Ovule
Ovule
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Carpel
Carpel
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Megasporocyte
Megasporocyte
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Megasporangium
Megasporangium
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Megaspores
Megaspores
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Mitosis without cytokinesis
Mitosis without cytokinesis
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Egg cell
Egg cell
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Synergid cells
Synergid cells
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Micropyle
Micropyle
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Study Notes
Angiosperm Life Cycle
- Pollination is part of the angiosperm life cycle
- Involves gametophyte development, sperm delivery via pollen tubes, and double fertilization/seed development
Seed Plant Evolution
- Over time, gametophytes in seed plants have reduced in size and become wholly dependent on the sporophyte for nutrients
- Angiosperms have the most reduced gametophytes, consisting of only a few microscopic cells hidden within protective tissues
Female Gametophyte Development (Embryo Sac)
- Occurs within ovules of the ovary of the carpel
- Process:
- The megasporocyte in the megasporangium undergoes meiosis, producing haploid megaspores (typically one survives)
- The surviving megaspore undergoes three rounds of mitosis without cytokinesis, creating a large cell containing eight haploid nuclei
- Membranes divide the cell into seven cells:
- One egg cell (near the micropyle)
- Two synergid cells (flanking the egg, guiding the pollen tube)
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Description
Explore the intricate details of the angiosperm life cycle, including the critical processes of pollination, gametophyte development, and double fertilization. This quiz also delves into the evolutionary trends in seed plants, highlighting how reproductive structures have adapted over time. Gain a comprehensive understanding of female gametophyte development, focusing on the embryo sac and its formation.
