12 Questions
What function does VEGF-A stimulate in endothelial cells?
Proliferation and migration
Which growth factor promotes vasodilation by stimulating the production of NO?
VEGF-A
What is the role of Ang-1 in angiogenesis?
Recruiting pericytes and smooth muscle cells
What is the function of Notch signaling in angiogenesis?
Regulating the sprouting and branching of new vessels
What is the primary role of angiogenesis in the context of injury?
To facilitate the healing process at the site of injury
What is the primary function of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in angiogenesis?
To increase permeability
Which growth factor stimulates the proliferation of endothelial cells and the migration of macrophages and fibroblasts?
FGF-2
What is necessary for the stabilization of newly formed vessels?
All of the above
What is the outcome of the suppression of endothelial proliferation and migration in angiogenesis?
The formation of a mature vessel
What is the purpose of therapies aimed at inhibiting angiogenesis?
To frustrate tumor growth
What is the role of nitric oxide in angiogenesis?
To induce vasodilation
What is the outcome of the migration of endothelial cells towards the area of tissue injury?
The formation of a vessel sprout
Study Notes
Angiogenesis
- Critical in healing at sites of injury, development of collateral circulations at sites of ischemia, and tumor growth beyond original blood supply
- Involves sprouting of new vessels from existing ones, consisting of:
- Vasodilation in response to nitric oxide and increased permeability induced by VEGF
- Separation of pericytes from the abluminal surface and breakdown of the basement membrane
- Migration of endothelial cells toward the area of tissue injury
- Proliferation of endothelial cells just behind the leading front of migrating cells
- Recruiting pericytes for small capillaries and smooth muscle cells for larger vessels to form mature vessel
- Suppression of endothelial proliferation and migration and deposition of the basement membrane
Signaling Pathways and Growth Factors
- Vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs), mainly VEGF-A, stimulate both migration and proliferation of endothelial cells, initiating capillary sprouting
- Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), mainly FGF-2, stimulate proliferation of endothelial cells and migration of macrophages and fibroblasts to the damaged area
- Angio-poietins 1 and 2 (Ang 1 and Ang 2) play a role in angiogenesis and structural maturation of new vessels
- PDGF recruits smooth muscle cells and TGF-ß suppresses endothelial proliferation and migration, and enhances production of ECM proteins
Notch Signaling
- Regulates sprouting and branching of new vessels through "cross-talk" with VEGF
- Ensures proper spacing of new vessels to effectively supply healing tissue with blood
This quiz assesses understanding of angiogenesis, the process of new blood vessel formation, in various contexts, including injury, ischemia, and tumor growth. It explores the mechanisms and potential therapeutic applications.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
