Surgical Technology Chapter 16
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Questions and Answers

Which retinal structure allows for perception of general shapes and shades of gray in dim light?

rods

What kind of anesthetic block is used for a vitrectomy procedure?

retrobulbar

Perfluoropropane and sulfur hexafluoride are used to:

keep pressure on the retina

Which of the following is a pharmacologic agent that constricts the pupil of the eye?

<p>acetylcholine</p> Signup and view all the answers

A trephine is used in which ophthalmologic procedure?

<p>keratoplasty</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sterile irrigation fluid is used for ophthalmic procedures?

<p>BSS</p> Signup and view all the answers

The normal condition of the lens of the eye is:

<p>transparent biconvex</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is another name for the traction sutures used to manipulate the globe of the eye?

<p>bridle</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following represents the replacement device for cataract lens in the eye?

<p>IOL</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the lacrimal gland located?

<p>Upper lid, outer angle of the orbit</p> Signup and view all the answers

Into which structures do the lacrimal ducts drain tears?

<p>nasal cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which procedure done on an eye with internal malfunction or loss of contents and no possible recovery of sight provides better mobility and cosmetic result with a prosthetic eye?

<p>evisceration</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which procedure surgically treats glaucoma?

<p>iridectomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the portion of the eye between the cornea and the iris in which aqueous fluid flows and nourishes the tissues?

<p>anterior chamber</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is another name for a cystic structure caused by inflammatory response to material trapped in a meibomian gland?

<p>chalazion</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an inward turning of the eyelid with resulting corneal irritation?

<p>entropion</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which instrument is used to remove the cataract lens in preparation for intraocular lens placement?

<p>phacoemulsification hand piece</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the name of locking or non-locking needle holders frequently used in ophthalmology?

<p>Castroviejo</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following scissors would NOT be used for ophthalmologic procedures?

<p>Jorgenson</p> Signup and view all the answers

What passes through the canal of Schlemm?

<p>aqueous humor</p> Signup and view all the answers

Misalignment or deviation from coordinated movement of the eyes is:

<p>strabismus</p> Signup and view all the answers

If looking at the right eye of a patient and assigning clock positions of 12, 3, 6, and 9 o'clock to the rectus eye muscles, which of the following could be CORRECT?

<p>12= superior, 3= medial, 6= inferior, 9= lateral</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the term for 'crossed eyes'?

<p>esotropia</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure of the eye is colored and its muscles constrict or relax to control the amount of light entering the pupil?

<p>iris</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many tunics comprise the structure of the globe of the eye?

<p>three</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which two structures form the outer tunic of the globe of the eye?

<p>cornea and sclera</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which procedure involves adjusting structures after the patient has recovered completely from anesthesia but within 24 hours?

<p>recession/resection</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure of the eye is the thin, transparent lining of the inner surface of the eyelid and covers the sclera?

<p>conjunctiva</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT used for visualization in ophthalmologic procedures?

<p>colposcope</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following names represents an eye speculum that resembles an uncoiled metal paper clip?

<p>Barraquer</p> Signup and view all the answers

All of the following are methods of intraocular lens insertion EXCEPT:

<p>fan-folded through small incision</p> Signup and view all the answers

How would a definitive diagnosis of detached retina be obtained if hemorrhage is present in the eye?

<p>surgical vitrectomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the gelatin-like fluid that fills the posterior cavity of the eye?

<p>vitreous humor</p> Signup and view all the answers

For which surgical procedure would an ocutome (fragmatome) be used?

<p>vitrectomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which substance is used following vitrectomy for long-term support of the retina with fewer restrictions on position?

<p>silicone oil</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the membrane that contains and encloses the vitreous humor in the posterior cavity?

<p>hyaloid</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where would a Viers rod be placed to relieve or prevent obstruction?

<p>canaliculus</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the condition of the lens that is treated by cataract extraction?

<p>opacified</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which of the following procedures would sutures most likely NOT be necessary?

<p>extracapsular cataract extraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the opening created in the outer tunic for insertion of the infusion cannula for excision of vitreous?

<p>sclerotomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the structure that is a small depression containing only cones and has the highest visual acuity?

<p>central fovea</p> Signup and view all the answers

Tetracaine drops are used in ophthalmologic procedures to:

<p>numb the surface of the eye and surrounding structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following techniques uses a laser to treat retinal tears or proliferative diabetic retinopathy?

<p>endophotocoagulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which procedure may be done in conjunction with vitrectomy if the surgeon is unable to gain visualization of the posterior cavity of the eye?

<p>lensectomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the six muscles that provide movement of the eye?

<p>extrinsic</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an intraocular procedure?

<p>vitrectomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structure is avascular, external, and its function is to refract light rays?

<p>cornea</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure has four layers: epithelial cells, substantia propria, elastic lamina, and endothelial cells?

<p>cornea</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of needle is frequently used in ophthalmologic procedures?

<p>3/8 circle spatula</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cryotherapy uses which of the following to seal retinal tears and holes?

<p>cold</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Retinal Structures and Vision

  • Rods allow for perception of general shapes and shades of gray in dim light.
  • The normal lens of the eye should be transparent and biconvex.
  • The central fovea contains only cones and has the highest visual acuity.

Anesthesia and Procedures

  • A retrobulbar block is commonly used during vitrectomy procedures.
  • Iridectomy is a surgical treatment for glaucoma.
  • Evisceration is performed on eyes with internal dysfunction, providing better cosmetic results for prosthetic eye placement.

Surgical Instruments and Techniques

  • A trephine is utilized in keratoplasty, whereas a phacoemulsification handpiece removes the cataract lens.
  • Castroviejo needle holders are frequently employed in ophthalmology.
  • The ocutome (fragmatome) is used during vitrectomy to remove vitreous material.

Eye Structures and Functions

  • The anterior chamber of the eye is where aqueous fluid flows, nourishing the eye tissues.
  • Chalazion refers to a cystic structure from inflammatory responses in meibomian glands.
  • The lacrimal gland is located at the upper lid, outer angle of the orbit, and tears drain into the nasal cavity via lacrimal ducts.

Pharmaceutical Agents and Irrigation Fluids

  • Acetylcholine is a pharmacologic agent that constricts the pupil.
  • Balanced Salt Solution (BSS) is the standard sterile irrigation fluid used in ophthalmic procedures.
  • Tetracaine drops numb the surface of the eye and surrounding tissues during procedures.

Conditions and Diagnoses

  • Strabismus indicates misalignment or deviation of eye movement.
  • Esotropia is the term for "crossed eyes."
  • Detached retina confirmation with hemorrhage present requires surgical vitrectomy.

Miscellaneous Terms and Concepts

  • Vitreous humor fills the posterior cavity of the eye and is enclosed by the hyaloid membrane.
  • The canal of Schlemm allows aqueous humor to pass through.
  • The cornea serves as an avascular structure that refracts light rays.

Surgical Procedures and Types

  • Extracapsular cataract extraction may not require sutures post-operation.
  • Lensectomy may be done alongside vitrectomy if posterior cavity visualization is inadequate.
  • Silicone oil provides long-term retinal support post-vitrectomy with fewer positional restrictions.

Summary of Eye Anatomy and Procedures

  • The globe of the eye has three tunics: the outer (cornea and sclera), middle, and inner.
  • Six extrinsic muscles facilitate eye movement, crucial for coordinated vision.
  • The Barraquer eye speculum resembles an uncoiled metal paper clip and is used to keep the eyelids open during surgery.

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Description

Test your knowledge on ophthalmic surgery with this flashcard quiz from Surgical Technology Chapter 16. Explore key terms such as retinal structures and anesthetic techniques crucial for vitrectomy procedures. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their learning in this specialized field.

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