Anaesthesia Complications
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a potential cause of bradycardia during anesthesia?

  • Toxemia
  • Heart problem - sick sinus
  • Hypoxia
  • All of the above (correct)

    • What is the effect of stimulating the vagal nerve during anesthesia?

  • Increased blood pressure
  • Increased heart rate
  • Decreased blood pressure
  • Decreased heart rate (correct)

    • Which drug can be added to prevent bradycardia during eye surgery?

  • Neither atropine nor glycopyrrolate
  • Both atropine and glycopyrrolate (correct)
  • Glycopyrrolate
  • Atropine

    • Which drug combination can cause bradycardia during anesthesia?

    <p>Dexmedetomidine and methadone (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of bradycardia in a cat with a blocked bladder?

    <p>Hyperkalemia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of a high potassium level on heart rate?

    <p>Decreased heart rate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first option for treating bradycardia during anesthesia?

    <p>Switch down the volatile agent (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common cause of tachycardia during anesthesia?

    <p>Sympathetic stimulation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most appropriate treatment for tachycardia during anesthesia?

    <p>Administer an IV opioid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential danger of tachycardia during anesthesia?

    <p>Ventricular fibrillation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most likely cause of tachycardia in a 14-year-old cat with chronic renal insufficiency?

    <p>Hypovolemia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the appropriate treatment for tachycardia in a cat with chronic renal insufficiency?

    <p>Increase fluid therapy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most likely cause of tachycardia in a 1-year-old Dutch rabbit undergoing castration?

    <p>Sympathetic stimulation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the appropriate treatment for tachycardia in a 1-year-old Dutch rabbit undergoing castration?

    <p>No treatment necessary (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of these is a common cause of hypertension in equine anesthesia?

    <p>Anaesthetic drugs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be checked to determine if hypertension is a problem in equine anesthesia?

    <p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common inotrope used in equine anesthesia?

    <p>Dobutamine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in the treatment of hypotension in a 500 kg horse under GA?

    <p>Reduce sevoflurane (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the next step if reducing sevoflurane does not improve hypotension in a horse?

    <p>Give a ketamine bolus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended approach to treatment for a hypertensive cat?

    <p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common problem associated with prolonged recovery in anesthesia?

    <p>Hypoxia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential cause of hypoxemia in anesthesia?

    <p>Carbon dioxide retention (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of algorithms in anesthesia?

    <p>To reduce cognitive load during stressful situations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in diagnosing bradycardia?

    <p>Determining normal heart rate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the body compensate for inadequate oxygen delivery to tissues?

    <p>By increasing cardiac output (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between cardiac output and stroke volume?

    <p>Cardiac output depends on stroke volume (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main concern when diagnosing bradycardia?

    <p>Perfusion and oxygen delivery (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ultimate goal of evaluating oxygen delivery during anesthesia?

    <p>Ensuring adequate cardiac output (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in diagnosing bradycardia in a patient undergoing anesthesia?

    <p>Measuring heart rate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential cause of increased stroke volume in response to inadequate oxygen delivery during anesthesia?

    <p>Compensatory increase in cardiac output (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main concern when diagnosing bradycardia during anesthesia?

    <p>Perfusion and oxygen delivery (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important consideration when diagnosing bradycardia in a patient undergoing anesthesia?

    <p>Normal heart rate before anesthesia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between cardiac output and stroke volume?

    <p>Stroke volume is directly proportional to cardiac output (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential cause of tachycardia during anesthesia?

    <p>Inadequate oxygen delivery (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential cause of bradycardia during anesthesia?

    <p>Hyperkalemia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug combination can cause bradycardia during anesthesia?

    <p>Dexmedetomidine and methadone (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most likely cause of bradycardia in a horse undergoing hock arthroscopy?

    <p>High levels of sevoflurane due to long surgery preparation period (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of a high potassium level on heart rate?

    <p>Decreases heart rate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of these is a common cause of hypertension in equine anesthesia?

    <p>Hypoxia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the next step if reducing sevoflurane does not improve hypotension in a horse?

    <p>Increase IV fluids (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential cause of hypoxemia in anesthesia?

    <p>Lack of oxygen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential cause of tachycardia during anesthesia?

    <p>Hypovolemia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the appropriate treatment for tachycardia in a cat with chronic renal insufficiency?

    <p>Increase fluid therapy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most likely cause of tachycardia in a 1-year-old Dutch rabbit undergoing castration?

    <p>Normal physiological response (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of stimulating the vagal nerve during anesthesia?

    <p>Induce bradycardia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the body compensate for inadequate oxygen delivery to tissues?

    <p>Increase heart rate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential cause of hypoxemia in anesthesia?

    <p>Hypoventilation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in the treatment of hypotension in a 500 kg horse?

    <p>Increase fluid therapy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential cause of hypotension in equine anesthesia?

    <p>Hypervolemia and haemorrhage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common inotrope used in equine anesthesia?

    <p>Dobutamine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the appropriate treatment for tachycardia during anesthesia?

    <p>Reduce volatile/inhalation agent (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the appropriate treatment for hypotension in a 500 kg horse during anesthesia?

    <p>Increase IV fluid therapy/check urine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in the treatment of hypertension in equine anesthesia?

    <p>Reduce volatile/inhalation agent (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential cause of hypoxemia in anesthesia?

    <p>Inadequate oxygen delivery (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most likely cause of tachycardia in a 14-year-old cat with chronic renal insufficiency?

    <p>Cardiac insufficiency (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the appropriate treatment for tachycardia in a 1-year-old Dutch rabbit undergoing castration?

    <p>Reduce volatile/inhalation agent (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended approach to treatment for a hypertensive cat?

    <p>Reduce volatile/inhalation agent (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Bradycardia in Anesthesia

    Slow heart rate during anesthesia

    Vagal nerve stimulation effect

    Causes slower heart rate

    Bradycardia prevention in Eye surgery

    Atropine or glycopyrrolate prevent slow heartbeat

    Drug combination causing bradycardia

    Dexmedetomidine and methadone combination

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    Blocked bladder, cat bradycardia cause

    High potassium (hyperkalemia)

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    High potassium effect on heart rate

    Decreases heart rate

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    First bradycardia treatment option

    Reduce inhaled anesthetic agent

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    Tachycardia cause in anesthesia

    Sympathetic nervous system stimulation

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    Tachycardia treatment

    Administer IV opioid

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    Tachycardia danger

    Ventricular fibrillation risk

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    Renal insufficiency tachycardia cause

    Hypovolemia (low blood volume)

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    Renal insufficiency tachycardia treatment

    Increase fluids

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    Castration tachycardia cause (rabbit)

    Normal physiological response

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    Equine hypertension anesthesia cause

    Anesthetic drugs

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    Equine anesthesia hypertension check

    Monitor blood pressure, heart rate, and respiration

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    Equine anesthesia inotrope

    Drug to strengthen the heart's contractions

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    Hypotension treatment first step (horse)

    Reduce sevoflurane

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    Hypotension treatment next step (horse)

    Give a ketamine bolus

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    Hypertensive cat treatment

    Multiple approaches including drug therapy

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    Prolonged recovery anesthesia problem

    Potential hypoxia, a lack of oxygen

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    Causes of hypoxemia in anesthesia

    Carbon dioxide retention and lack of oxygen

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    Anesthesia algorithms purpose

    Reduce cognitive load in stressful situations

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Bradycardia diagnosis, first step

    Measure heart rate.

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