Anesthesia Clerkship Pocket Guide

A scenario where intubation and oxygenation fail, requiring emergency action.

Emergency front-of-neck access performed when CICO occurs.

The three options for airway management before reaching CICO: ventilation techniques.

The strategy to transition to the next lifeline for airway management after failed efforts.

The state achieved when alveolar oxygen delivery is confirmed, allowing for resource gathering.

The attempt made using any of the lifelines to restore oxygen delivery.

The successful transfer of oxygen to the alveoli for gas exchange.

Outcome of CICO Rescue that can re-establish oxygen delivery, creating a new opportunity.

Three systems used to deliver oxygen to patients: nasal cannula, face mask, and ventilator circuits.

Key parameters include tidal volume, respiratory rate, pressure control, and PEEP.

Measurement includes checking tidal volume, ETCO2, and oxygen saturation.

Five considerations include CO2 insufflation, position changes, monitoring, ventilation adjustments, and potential cardiac issues.

End tidal CO2 may increase due to increased absorption from CO2 insufflation during surgery.

Monitors required continuously during surgery include pulse oximeter, capnography, and ECG.

Devices that must be available without delay include temperature probes and nerve stimulators.

Monitoring devices placed prior to induction include ECG, NIBP, and SpO2.

The process of determining a patient's fluid volume status, critical before procedures.

Locations on the body used to insert IVs, including potential complications.

Changes in normal fluid balance that can occur preoperatively.

Classification and applications of crystalloids like NS, RL, D5W, D5NS.

Potential issues arising from large volume blood transfusions during surgery.

A catheter placed in an artery for continuous blood pressure monitoring.

The categorization of shock based on type (hypovolemic, cardiogenic, etc.) and degree.

Drugs used to manage blood pressure and cardiovascular status in shock.

Solutions with electrolytes that expand extracellular volume; part remains intravascular.

Crystalloid solution for fluid replacement, alerts include hypoNa+ and traumatic brain injury.

Crystalloid solution, offers less risk of acidosis than normal saline.

Provides glucose for ketoacidosis and hypoglycemia; use cautiously in DM and brain injury.

Solutions with large particles that exert oncotic pressure in plasma; used less frequently.

A colloid used for severe malnutrition and volume depletion; avoid in overload and renal issues.

Colloids like dextran used for hypovolemia; risk of renal toxicity and coagulopathy.

Evaluating a patient’s hydration based on history, exam, monitors, and labs.

A mnemonic for reasons of sudden deterioration during intubation: Displaced ETT, Obstruction, Pneumothorax/PE, Equipment failure, Stacking breaths.

Anaphylaxis can cause shock, cardiac arrest, and respiratory distress due to a sudden release of inflammatory mediators.

Inhalation of gastric contents into the trachea and lung, leading to potential serious complications like pneumonia.

Symptoms include low blood pressure, high heart rate, low O2, and rash following exposure to an allergen.

Prepare suction, bite block, oropharyngeal airway, and oxygen mask for patient transport after extubation.

Steps include switching to 100% FiO2, manual ventilation, circuit inspection, auscultation, and suctioning.

Remove triggers, administer epinephrine, fluids, treat bronchospasm, and monitor vital signs during anaphylaxis.

Includes emergency surgeries, GERD, pregnancy, trauma, and obesity, increasing risk of inhaling stomach content.

Initial symptoms of Central Nervous System toxicity include tinnitus, blurred vision, and slurred speech.

Late cardiovascular symptoms include significantly decreased blood pressure and heart rate, possibly leading to cardiac arrest.

Unintended spread of anesthetic affecting spinal nerves above T4, leading to potential governance loss.

Complete anesthetic spread into the brain affecting consciousness, presenting in a few minutes.

A headache caused by CSF leakage leading to intracranial hypotension temporally after a dural puncture.

PDPH symptoms include a dull headache worsening with movement and relieved by lying down.

Use fine-gauge needles and skilled technique to minimize risk of CSF leakage.

Management includes stopping anesthetic, treating seizures, and providing lipid emulsion infusion.