Hematopoietic Blood Lymph
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Hematopoietic Blood Lymph

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following clinical features of anemias results as a lack of oxygen to the heart thus causing the heart to increase its workload?

  • Hyperdynamic circulation (correct)
  • Pallor
  • Aginal pain/cardiac failure
  • Lethargy

    • During anemic conditions due to blood loss. Which of the following pairs are correct?

  • Acute blood loss due to trauma hemoglobin should not change (correct)
  • Chronic blood loss due to ulcers hemoglobin should not change
  • Acute blood loss due to trauma hemoglobin will change
  • 2 of the above are correct

    • Which of the following is evidence of hemolysis that involves a fat soluable substance from heme that causes anemia as a result of increased rate of destruction of RBCs?

  • Increased unconjugated bilirubin (correct)
  • Erythrocytes hyperplasia of bone marrow
  • Increased immature red blood cells in the blood

    • which of the following are a hemolytic anemia causing disorder due to intrinsic causes that involve a spherical shaped red cells due to alterations in permeability of the cell membrane (spectrin protein) that is not often apparent until late adulthood. Characteristic features are: Hemolysis and anemia Hemolytic jaundice and pigment gall stones Erythroid hyperplasia of the bone marrow

    <p>Hereditary Spherocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    which of the following are a hemolytic anemia causing disorder due to intrinsic causes that involve The HbS gene which is along slender crystalline mass that distorts red cell development. Results in decreased intravascular oxygen levels, increased hypoxia, sickling, increased RBC destruction.

    <p>Sickle cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the sickle cell trait, the heterozygous Hgb is usually asymptomatic except when exposed to low oxygen.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following disorders of intrinsic origin leading to hemolytic anemia result in thinner and more fragile red blood cells causing a shorter lifespan?

    <p>Thalassemias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The term hemochromatosis has which meaning and is associated with which disorder of the blood?

    <p>Storage of iron in perychymal cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cooleys anemia is in reference to excessive hemolysis and homozygous characteristics associated with which intrinsic disorder of the blood?

    <p>Beta Thalassemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hemosiderous involves storage of iron in the kuffer cells and cells LOSE function.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hemochromatosis is a result of iron stored in hepatocytes and cells still remain functional.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hemochromatosis associated with Beta thalassemias results in significant organ damage in which the organ loses function due to iron deposit in the perychymal cells which leads to severe hypoxia secondary to decreased hemoglobin in the blood cells.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In alpha thalassemia which of the following syndromes develops as a result of 1 defective allele?

    <p>Asymptomatic carrier</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In alpha thalassemia which of the following syndromes develops as a result of 2 defective allele?

    <p>Thalassemia minor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In alpha thalassemia which of the following syndromes develops as a result of 3 defective allele?

    <p>Thalassemia major</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is associated with the disease that causes hemolytic anemia due to intrinsic causes which is a deficiency of the enzyme in the presence of certain drugs?

    <p>Heinz bodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are hemolytic anemias due to extra erythrocyte causes aka extrinsic hemolytic anemias

    <p>Malaria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following anemias due to decreased RBC production is the most common?

    <p>Iron deficiency anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following explains spooning of the nails and which type of anemia is it associated with?

    <p>Koilonchia, Hypochromatic microcytic anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following results in red blood cells being larger than normal while the number of mature RBC decreases.

    <p>Megaloblastic anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following pathological characteristics best characterizes Megaloblastic anemia?

    <p>Megaloblastsq</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In regard to Megaloblastic anemias, pernicious anemia results as a lack of B12 leading to B12 deficiency in the systemic blood circulation for use in RBC production.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following forms of polycythemias results in reduction of plasma volume without impacting the RBC count?

    <p>Relative</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A compensation for hypoxia in other words increased production of RBC the mechanism for absolute polycythemias. Which of the following is NOT a factor for absolute polycythemia?

    <p>Severe dehydration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following in a disease of unknown cause in which all elements of blood are increased in concentration and there is uncontrolled production of bone marrow elements?

    <p>Polycythemia Vera</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Extra red blood cells in polycythemia Vera DO NOT carry oxygen and increase the risk of blood clots.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following pathological components of polycythemia Vera:

    <p>Increased blood volume = Congestion of organs Increase in blood viscosity = Vascular thrombosis, infarct in kidney, spleen heart Bleeding tendency = Defective platelet function Increased acidosis of the blood due to nucleic acid turn over from megakaryocytes and normoblasts = Gout in some patients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    1/3 of deaths are due thrombotic manifestations, 1/3 due to leukemia, 1/3 due to myelofibrosis in which condition?

    <p>Polycythemia Vera</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Auers rods are associated with which type of leukemia?

    <p>AML</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are true of acute lymphoblastic leukemias?

    <p>20% of all leukemias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Acute myeloblastic leukemia has which of the following characteristics:

    <p>Young adults</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are considerably less rapidly progressive, have anemia, and organ enlargement?

    <p>Chronic leukemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are characteristic of chronic myelocytic leukemia?

    <p>40-50 years of age</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Please match the following

    <p>30% of all leukemias Myelobasts (auer rods) no lymph involvement = Acute Myeloblastic leukemia 20% of leukemias, lymphoblasts, lymphadenopathy = Acute lymphoblastic leukemia Mainly over age of 60 and most benign, small mature lymphocytes (B cell type), organ enlargement is minimal compared to other forms = Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Peak incidence 40-50 yrs, mainly mature neutrophils, massive splenomegaly = Chronic myelocytic leukemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following leukemia types results in end stage blast cell?

    <p>Chronic anemias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Reed sternberg cell aka owl eyes is associated with?

    <p>Hodkins disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Please match the following Classifications of Hodgkin's disease

    <p>Majority of cases, large tumor nodules, with R-S cells surrounded by fibrotic collagen bands = Nodular sclerosis 20-40% of this type Usually 50+, Lymphocytes and R-S cells, lymphadenopathy + not inflammatory = Mixed cellularity 10% incidence &lt;35 , mature lymphocytes and few R-S cells, best prognosis following treatment = Lymphocyte predominant &lt;10% incidence, abundant R-S cells, worst prognosis of the 4 types = Lymphocyte depleted</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is neoplastic proliferation of lymphoid tissue but without reed sternberg cells?

    <p>Non-hodgkins lymphoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Burkitts lymphoma accounts for 85% of all lymphomas.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Immunoglobulin is usually of IgG variety 25% and IgA 60% in multiple myeloma with filled in lesions in radiograph.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Coagulation disorders

    <p>X linked recessive, Factor 8 only males affected, hemorrhaging present 85% = Hemophilia A Xmass factor 9 deficiency with rare hemorrhaging = Hemophilia B Both A and B activates factor 8 = Von willebrand Heparin, vitamin K deficiency, oral anticoagulants = Acquired coagulation disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Please match the following immunologic destructive diseases

    <p>Furry = Jake Seen in childhood, follows virus illness, intracranial hemorrhaging risk = Acute idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura Seen in adults, follows collagen disease, bleeding episodes epistaxis but not life threatening = Chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura Gay = Erik</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aneurysm is considered a saccular aneurysm and is commonly found in the circle of Willis?

    <p>Berry aneurysm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common management for A-V fistulas?

    <p>Controlling blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic distinguishes cavernous hemangioma from other types?

    <p>Wider lumen with blood pooling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Marfan syndrome, what is a primary cardiovascular feature?

    <p>Dissection of the artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is indicated by rib knotting in a patient's imaging?

    <p>Post ductal coarctation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature is common in post ductal coarctation of the aorta?

    <p>Hypertensive urgencies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which congenital condition is characterized by severe narrowing of the aorta proximally to the ductus?

    <p>Infantile coarctation of the aorta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Sturge-Weber syndrome, what is a significant characteristic of the hemangioma?

    <p>It extends through the skull to affect the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Aneurysms

    • Berry aneurysms are a type of saccular aneurysm found in the circle of Willis.
    • Most berry aneurysms are asymptomatic.
    • Berry aneurysms can present with blood in the cerebrospinal fluid during a spinal tap.

    Arteriovenous Fistulas and Malformations

    • Arteriovenous fistulas or malformations are the most common congenital blood flow diseases.
    • The most common management of AV fistulas is controlling blood pressure.
    • The middle cerebral artery is the most common location for AV fistulas.

    Hemangiomas

    • Hemangioma is a tumor of capillaries.
    • Capillary hemangiomas are present at birth and will spontaneously regress. They have capillaries of normal size.
    • Cavernous hemangiomas are known as port wine stains and have wider lumens and pooling of blood. They will not fade with time.
    • Sturge-Weber syndrome is a type of cavernous hemangioma that extends through the skull to affect the brain due to dystrophic calcifications and absence of hypercalcemia.

    Coarctation of the Aorta

    • Infantile coarctation of the aorta is a rare disease with severe narrowing of the aorta proximal to the ductus arteriosus.
    • Adult (post-ductal) coarctation of the aorta is the most common comorbidity with Turner syndrome and the most common form of coarctation of the aorta.
    • Post-ductal coarctation is found in adults and often presents with features like:
      • Rib notching
      • Delayed femoral pulse
      • Distal thigh pain
      • Hypertension (due to renin production in the kidneys)
    • Post-ductal coarctation causes ischemic blood flow to the kidneys, activating renin and leading to hypertension.

    Marfan Syndrome

    • Marfan syndrome is a genetic disorder affecting fibrillin production, leading to cardiovascular complications.
    • Marfan syndrome can affect the cardiovascular system in the following ways:
      • Aneurysm of the root of the aorta
      • Dissecting aneurysm
      • Aortic valve incompetence
    • Marfan syndrome causes cystic changes, particularly affecting the tunica media of the aortic arch.

    Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome

    • Ehlers-Danlos syndrome is a group of genetic disorders affecting collagen formation.
    • Ehlers-Danlos syndrome can cause hyperextensibility of the skin, poor wound healing, and a condition known as "rubber band man".

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    Description

    This quiz explores the relationship between anemia and its effects on cardiac function. It focuses on how lack of oxygen due to anemia leads to increased workload on the heart. Test your knowledge on the clinical features of different types of anemia.

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