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Questions and Answers
What period does ancient history cover?
Who is known for his early contributions to medicine in ancient Egypt?
What is papyrus primarily made from?
During which period did the first true scientists emerge?
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What significant invention did Mesopotamians create?
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What was a major feature of the modern ages?
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What geographic feature was essential for the growth of papyrus?
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Which ancient civilization is noted for using compasses as early as 1000 B.C.?
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What significant change did Nicolaus Copernicus propose about the structure of the universe?
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What was the primary contribution of Andreas Vesalius in the field of medicine?
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What was one of the key contributions made by the Spanish during their colonization of the Philippines?
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Which of the following describes Newton's first law of motion?
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Which technology was notably introduced to the Philippines during the American colonial period?
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What important concept did Blaize Pascal contribute to science?
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Which governmental entity was established by the American colonial government in 1901 to enhance scientific research?
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In Newton's second law of motion, what happens when a net force acts on an object?
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What is the main focus of Newton's three volumes in 'The Principia'?
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What significant impact did the galleon trade have on the Philippines?
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Which agricultural practices did the Americans introduce during their occupation of the Philippines?
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Which era is known for a revival in art, literature, science, and philosophy in Europe?
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What major public health initiative did the Americans promote during their colonization of the Philippines?
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Who among the following was a notable figure during the Renaissance period?
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How did American colonization influence education in the Philippines?
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Which aspect of infrastructure development was emphasized during the American occupation?
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What significant prediction did Thales make?
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What concept did Anaximander notably propose?
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Which philosopher developed the atomic theory?
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What was one of Aristotle's major contributions to science?
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What concept did Ptolemy propose regarding the universe?
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Which period was characterized by a decline in scientific progress?
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What was Robert Grosseteste's main belief regarding the natural world?
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Why was alchemy significant during the period mentioned?
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What significant concept was introduced with the Bohr model of the atom?
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Which of the following inventions was introduced in 1947?
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Nicolaus Copernicus is best known for proposing which model?
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What was the primary contribution of Charles Darwin to science?
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Which civilization is known for creating their own writing system called Maya hieroglyphics?
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What significant discovery was announced in 1915?
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Which civilization developed chinampas for farming?
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Which concept refers to changes in society due to new ideas and innovations specifically in science and technology?
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Study Notes
Ancient, Middle, and Modern Ages
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Ancient Times (3000 B.C - 500 A.D):
- Ancient Egyptians had sophisticated medical practices, with Imhotep being renowned for his knowledge around 2650 B.C.
- Egyptian medicine relied on trial and error, but was considered advanced due to the invention of papyrus.
- Mesopotamians developed the first known potter's wheel and used horse-drawn chariots.
- Chinese used compasses for travel as early as 1000 B.C.
The Advent of Science (600 B.C. to 500 A.D.)
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Ancient Greeks:
- Thales: Studied celestial movements, predicted solar eclipses.
- Anaximander: Proposed life originated in the sea, foreshadowing evolutionary concepts.
- Leucippus: Developed atomic theory, stating matter is made of indivisible particles.
- Aristotle: Contributed to philosophy, mathematics, logic, and physics; classified animals and plants.
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Other Notable Greek Scientists:
- Archimedes: Demonstrated the link between science and mathematics, explained how objects float or sink.
- Ptolemy: Described planets and stars, proposed the geocentric system (Earth at the center of the universe).
The Progress of Science Stalls (500 A.D. to 1000 A.D.)
- The Roman Empire discouraged scientific inquiry, favoring productivity-increasing inventions.
- Alchemy emerged, attempting to turn lead into gold through trial and error.
- The "Dark Ages" saw slowed scientific progress due to Roman discouragement, focus on inventions, and government instability.
- Arabs and Chinese made significant astronomical observations during this period, including a guest star in 1054 A.D.
The Renaissance & Golden Age of Science (1500 A.D to 1600 A.D.)
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Characteristics:
- Cultural and intellectual revival in Europe.
- Renewed interest in Ancient Greece and Rome.
- Significant advancements in art, literature, science, and philosophy.
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Key Figures:
- Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, William Shakespeare.
The Renaissance Period (1500 A.D. to 1600 A.D.)
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Nicolaus Copernicus:
- Criticized Ptolemy's geocentric system, proposing the heliocentric model (sun at the center, planets orbiting).
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Andreas Vesalius:
- Published a detailed book on the human body, influencing medical teaching.
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Blaise Pascal:
- Researched air and liquids, demonstrating atmospheric pressure.
Era of Newton (1660 A.D. to 1735 A.D.)
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Isaac Newton's Principia:
- Three laws of motion: Inertia, Acceleration, Interaction.
- Advanced the understanding of fluid motion.
- Developed universal law of gravitation, explaining object falling to Earth and planets orbiting the sun.
Other Significant Discoveries (1907 to 1998)
- 1907: Radiometric dating revealed Earth's age to be 2.2 billion years.
- 1915: Einstein announced the theory of general relativity.
- 1915: Pellagra was discovered to be a dietary disease.
- 1924: Hubble identified new galaxies.
- 1927: Big Bang theory proposed.
- 1928-1948: Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin.
- 1932: Chadwick discovered the neutron.
- 1938: Electroshock therapy was introduced.
- 1947: Transistor was invented.
- 1972-1985: CT Scan and MRI introduced.
- 1979: Cellular phones, radio, and telephone systems were introduced.
- 1982: Human growth hormone was genetically engineered.
- 1885: Microsoft Windows was introduced.
- 1988: Digital cellular phones were introduced.
- 1992: Smart pill introduced.
- 1993: Pentium processor released.
- 1995: Java computer language developed.
- 1998: Viagra was invented.
What is an Intellectual Revolution?
- Changes in society driven by new ideas and innovations.
- When focused on science and technology, it's called a "Scientific Revolution."
Key Intellectual Revolution Figures
- Nicolaus Copernicus: Proposed the heliocentric model.
- Charles Darwin: Introduced the theory of evolution, challenging religious views.
- Sigmund Freud: Developed theories on psychosexual development, dream interpretation, and the id, ego, and superego.
Cradles of Early Science
- Maya Civilization: Known for astronomy, engineering, and their own writing system (Maya hieroglyphics).
- Inca Civilization: Built paved roads and irrigation systems, used quipu (knotted ropes for record-keeping).
- Aztec Civilization: Had mandatory education, developed chinampas (floating gardens for farming).
- Indian Civilization: Known for steel production, developed Ayurveda (traditional medicine system).
- Egyptian Civilization: Alexandria was a center of knowledge during the Middle Ages, skilled in metallurgy.
Information Revolution
- Language: Enabled humans to share and communicate ideas.
Spanish Colonization (Philippines)
- Hospitalization: Spaniards built hospitals, providing medical care and training for native doctors and nurses.
- Christianity: The expansion of Christianity led to construction of churches and cathedrals.
- Education: Spaniards established schools for girls and boys, introducing formal education and subjects.
- Technology: Spaniards brought their own culture and practices, influencing technology utilized in building, irrigation, and tool development.
American Colonization (Philippines)
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Significant Developments:
- Bureau of Science was formed in 1901, fostering research and development.
- New technologies, like the telephone, electric power, and automobile, were introduced.
- Significant infrastructure investments in roads, bridges, and railways.
- Establishment of public schools and universities, boosting literacy rates.
- Introduction of new crops like cotton and wheat, and agricultural techniques like crop rotation.
- Public health programs, including public hospitals and vaccination campaigns.
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American Impact:
- Established a public education system.
- Improved engineering works.
- Improved health conditions for Filipinos.
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Description
Explore the advancements from Ancient to Modern Ages, focusing on medical practices in Ancient Egypt, technological innovations by Mesopotamians, and scientific contributions of Ancient Greeks. This quiz covers key figures and their profound impact on various fields of study during these historical periods.
