Ancient Rome Review 2025

The two mythical twins, Romulus and Remus, are believed to have founded the city of Rome.

The Roman government rested on a complex framework. The Patricians were the wealthy elite with political power, the Plebians were the common people with fewer rights, and the Consuls, elected annually, held executive power. The Senate, a body of elder statesmen, provided guidance, and the Tribunes, elected by the Plebians, served as protectors of their interests. Magistrates, elected officials, carried out specific duties, while the law of the Twelve Tables provided a written legal code.

The Consuls' power was limited by the checks and balances system. The Senate, elected by the Patricians, advised the Consuls. Tribunes, elected by the Plebians, protected their rights. This system aimed to ensure no single individual or group accumulated too much power.

The Punic Wars were a series of conflicts between Rome and Carthage, a powerful city in North Africa. The wars were fought over control of trade routes and territories in the Mediterranean Sea. The conflict lasted over a century, with Rome eventually emerging victorious.

The Pax Romana, meaning 'Roman Peace,' was a period of peace and stability in the Roman Empire that lasted for over two centuries. During this time, trade thrived, infrastructure improved, and Roman culture flourished. The lack of major wars and the establishment of strong governance contributed to this era.

The Roman army was essential to the empire's expansion, protection, and control. It was highly disciplined and organized, consisting of legions of around 6,000 soldiers. The Roman legions, known for their strength and tactics, played a crucial role in conquering vast territories and suppressing uprisings.

The Roman Empire's contributions to engineering and architecture are evident in structures like aqueducts, roads, and buildings. The aqueducts transported fresh water to cities, the roads facilitated trade and communication, and the impressive Colosseum and other temples showcased architectural prowess.

Christians were persecuted in the Roman empire because their beliefs challenged traditional Roman religion. Romans viewed their monotheistic faith as a threat to the polytheistic system and the emperor's authority. The persecution ended when Emperor Constantine became a Christian and granted religious freedom.