Ancient Indian Knowledge Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What aspect is emphasized about the time dimension of ancient Indian knowledge?

  • It is limited to a specific geographical location.
  • It has been continuously synthesized throughout history. (correct)
  • It has remained unchanged over the years.
  • It was documented only during the colonial era.

Which statement is true about the indigenous nature of ancient Indian knowledge?

  • It primarily consists of knowledge from other cultures.
  • It is generated by the Indian society and reflects original Indian context. (correct)
  • It is derived only from written texts from the last century.
  • It exclusively includes foreign interpretations.

What does 'Akhanda-Bharata' refer to in the context of ancient Indian knowledge?

  • A geographical area excluding northern regions.
  • A philosophy originating from Western thinkers.
  • A collection of political writings from ancient leaders.
  • The concept of a unified India with a shared cultural heritage. (correct)

What role did foreign scholars play in the context of ancient Indian knowledge according to the framework provided?

<p>Their writings are not included in the Indian context of knowledge. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is ancient Indian knowledge considered to be available in various Indian languages and dialects?

<p>India has a diverse population that speaks multiple languages. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main categories of Indian Knowledge as classified in the framework?

<p>Literary and Non Literary (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT listed as a component of Non Literary Indian Knowledge?

<p>Public Administration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect does the Framework for learning Indian Knowledge emphasize?

<p>Completeness, Compactness, and Inter-connectedness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following does NOT fall under the classification of Literary Indian Knowledge?

<p>Basic &amp; Applied Sciences (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which Vidyasthana is related to understanding social behaviors in Indian Knowledge?

<p>Psychology, Social Sciences (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which dosha is NOT one of the tri-doshas in Ayurveda?

<p>Sattva (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Indian approach to psychology primarily centered around?

<p>Human Construct of Sat-Chit-Anand (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the Pancha-Koshas?

<p>Vidyamaya (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of governance is explored through the Arthasastra?

<p>Foreign policy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key component of physical health in Ayurveda?

<p>Daily regimen of wellness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which physical exercise is emphasized in the psychological health aspect in the Indian system?

<p>Yoga (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What describes the importance of urban development in the context of governance?

<p>Impact of Chennai floods vs organized city (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the mental aspect based on the tri-gunas?

<p>Tamas (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a major category of Indian Knowledge?

<p>Digital Technologies (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of Sanatana Dharma's literature?

<p>Vedas (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following literary works were inspired by the principles found in the Vedas?

<p>Aryabhata (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these areas is included under the Non-Literary aspect of Indian Knowledge?

<p>Psychology (B), Engineering (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of literature aims to address everyday life issues such as health and technology?

<p>Other Literature (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to refer to the four yugas in Indian cosmology?

<p>Satya, Tretayuga, Dwapara, Kali (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what manner are the teachings from the Vedas primarily transmitted?

<p>Oral methods (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sector does NOT fall under the categories listed for Indian Knowledge?

<p>Ethics (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which text is mentioned as a popular work in the context of ancient Indian mathematics?

<p>Ganita-sara-sangraha (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What have the Buddhist and Jain traditions contributed significantly to in India?

<p>Mathematics (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the criteria used to classify Indian Knowledge in the framework described?

<p>Completeness, Compactness, and Inter-connectedness (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which category is not mentioned as part of the Basic and Applied Sciences in the classification system?

<p>Public Administration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many languages are listed in the 8th schedule of the Indian Constitution?

<p>22 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered a major source of regional literature in India?

<p>Sanatana-Dharmic Literature (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is included under the non-literary category of Indian Knowledge?

<p>Health and Life Practices (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect is NOT listed as part of the Indian Knowledge Framework?

<p>Environmental Sciences (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following categories includes oral traditions?

<p>Artistic endeavors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT included in the classification of Indian Knowledge based on completeness?

<p>Modern Science (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is an example of an oral tradition?

<p>Folktales like Panchatantra (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of Indian Knowledge includes health practices?

<p>Non Literary Traditions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many kalas are referred to in Indian Knowledge as skill and art based?

<p>64 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the role of folklore in Indian Knowledge?

<p>It encompasses traditional stories and cultural narratives. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which category do health practices like Ayurvedic oil massage belong to?

<p>Oral Traditions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is included within the framework of non-literary traditions in Indian Knowledge?

<p>Art forms and folklore (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Ancient Indian Knowledge

Refers to the body of knowledge accumulated and developed within the Indian subcontinent, spanning thousands of years.

Scope of Ancient Indian Knowledge

Ancient Indian knowledge encompasses all forms of knowledge, including sciences, arts, philosophy, and spirituality, developed within the Indian cultural context.

Geographical Scope of Ancient Indian Knowledge

Ancient Indian knowledge is not limited to one specific region or language. It encompasses knowledge recorded in all Indian languages, dialects, and geographical regions.

Time Dimension of Ancient Indian Knowledge

Ancient Indian knowledge has been continuously evolving and synthesized over time. It represents a dynamic process of knowledge creation and transmission.

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Indigenous Nature of Ancient Indian Knowledge

Ancient Indian knowledge is considered indigenous knowledge generated by the Indian society, distinct from knowledge imported from other cultures.

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Classifying Ancient Indian Knowledge (IKS)

Ancient Indian knowledge (IKS) can be categorized as either literary or non-literary. Literary knowledge includes written texts, while non-literary knowledge encompasses things like oral traditions and various cultural practices.

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What are some examples of literary IKS?

Sanatana Dharma and other Indic traditions like Buddhism and Jainism fall under the category of literary knowledge within the IKS framework. These traditions contain a wealth of written texts and scriptures.

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What are examples of non-literary IKS?

Non-literary IKS encompasses a wide range of knowledge, including oral traditions, art forms, health practices, regional wealth of literature across different languages, and many other aspects of Indian culture.

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What are the Vidyasthana in Sanatana Dharma?

The IKS framework includes 14 Vidyasthana (fields of knowledge) within Sanatana Dharma. These encompass different areas like sciences, engineering, aesthetics, and social sciences.

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How does the IKS framework show interconnectedness?

The IKS framework highlights the interconnectedness of knowledge by categorizing it based on completeness, compactness, and inter-connectedness. This helps to understand the holistic nature of ancient Indian wisdom.

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Tri-doshas

Three fundamental energies in Ayurveda that govern physical and mental well-being: Vatha (air and space), Pitha (fire), and Kapha (water and earth).

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Dhatus

Seven essential bodily tissues in Ayurveda that are linked to physical health: Blood, muscles, bones, fat, marrow, reproductive tissue, and bodily fluids.

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Ayurveda

The Indian knowledge system of medicine focusing on maintaining health through lifestyle and natural remedies.

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Yoga Way of Life

A path to well-being that emphasizes mindfulness, physical postures, breathing techniques, and meditation for holistic wellness.

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Meditation

A profound state of awareness achieved through various techniques like meditation and focused breathing.

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Human Construct

A holistic approach to understanding the human construct as a combination of three core principles: Sat (being), Chit (consciousness), and Anand (bliss).

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Arthasastra

Ancient Indian treatise on politics, economics, and governance, offering insights into concepts like secrecy, foreign policy, and urban development.

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Tri-Gunas

A foundational concept in Indian philosophy, representing three fundamental qualities present in all beings: Tamas (inertness), Rajas (activity), and Satva (purity)

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Oral Traditions

Knowledge and practices passed down through speech, stories, songs, and dances instead of writing, often preserving cultural traditions and beliefs.

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Indian Knowledge

A diverse and vast body of knowledge encompassing literature, sciences, arts, philosophy, and spirituality developed within the Indian cultural context over thousands of years.

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Vedas

The collection of sacred texts in Hinduism, considered to be the foundation of Sanatana Dharma. They are believed to be eternal and revealed, not composed by humans.

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Sanatana Dharma

The ancient Indian term for Hinduism, meaning 'Eternal Law' or 'Eternal Dharma'. It emphasizes the concept of an eternal and unchanging cosmic order.

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Other Literature in Sanatana Dharma

Writings that developed alongside the Vedas, focusing on practical aspects of life including health, science, engineering, and technology. They acknowledged the Vedas as their foundation.

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14 Vidyasthana

The traditional Hindu system of knowledge, encompassing 14 categories covering a wide range of subjects including sciences, arts, philosophy, and social sciences.

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Other Dharmic Traditions

The various religious traditions that originated in India, including Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism.

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Regional Literature

Literature written in various Indian languages, including poetry, prose, drama, and epics, reflecting the cultural richness and literary traditions of different regions.

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Ancient Indian Knowledge Classification System

A framework for understanding the vast knowledge system of India, categorized into two main groups: Literary and Non-Literary.

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Literary Traditions

A comprehensive category within the Indian Knowledge System that includes texts from various traditions like Sanatana Dharma, Buddhist, Jain, and regional traditions.

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Non-Literary Traditions

A category within the Indian Knowledge System encompassing practical knowledge, art forms, oral traditions, and other forms of knowledge primarily transmitted through practice and experience.

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Anu-yoga-dvaara-sutra

A popular text in the Indian tradition, emphasizing the interconnection and interdependence of different knowledge systems.

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Buddhist & Jain Contributions to Mathematics

The significant contributions of Buddhist and Jain traditions to the development of mathematical knowledge in India.

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India's 22 Scheduled Languages

The formal recognition of 22 languages in India, each representing a wealth of literary and cultural knowledge.

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Vastness of Regional Literature

The vast scope and complexity of regional literature in India, making it challenging to comprehensively explore in a structured course.

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How is Ancient Indian knowledge classified?

It categorizes knowledge as either "literary" or "non-literary," with "literary" including written texts and "non-literary" encompassing oral traditions, arts, and cultural practices.

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What is 'Ancient Indian Knowledge'?

This refers to the body of knowledge accumulated and developed in India over thousands of years, covering various aspects like sciences, arts, philosophy, and spirituality.

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What are "Oral Traditions" in the IKS framework?

They are skill and art-based practices categorized into 64 "kalas." These include storytelling, music, dance, sculpting, food practices, and traditional healing techniques.

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What are the '14 Vidyasthana'?

These "Vidyasthana" represent different fields of study within Sanatana Dharma, including basic and applied sciences, engineering, technology, arts, psychology, and social sciences.

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Why focus on 'compactness' and 'interconnectedness' in IKS framework?

The IKS framework is designed to be comprehensive, interconnected, and organized. It aims to understand the holistic nature of Ancient Indian wisdom.

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What are some examples of 'Literary' Ancient Indian Knowledge?

These include the works of religious leaders and philosophers from Sanatana Dharma, Buddhism, and Jainism.

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What are some examples of 'Non-Literary' Ancient Indian Knowledge?

Examples include folklore like Panchatantra, artistic practices like dance and music, and skill-based jobs like sculpting.

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Study Notes

Ancient Indian Knowledge

  • India has a recorded history of over 5000 years, with archeological and cultural artifacts
  • Knowledge assets exist in various Indian languages and dialects across geographical regions
  • Knowledge has been continually developed and synthesized since time immemorial

Indian Knowledge System

  • The indigenous knowledge system originated within Indian society
  • The current context of India is based on Akhanda-Bharata
  • Shared cultural, literary, and social practices existed, with an exchange of ideas between people
  • Only knowledge generated by Indians was included; contributions from foreign scholars visiting Indian universities were excluded

Explicit and Implicit Knowledge

  • Explicit knowledge is expressed and documented (e.g., SOPs, policy manuals)
  • Implicit knowledge isn't written down but is subjective and experiential; it is often difficult to transfer without face-to-face interaction

Indian Knowledge Domains

  • Spiritual knowledge encompasses mindfulness, meditation, and yoga
  • Religious knowledge includes the Ramayana and Mahabharata
  • Social/Secular knowledge refers to daily routines, issues, and matters like water and sleep

IKS - STEM Subjects

  • IKS covers various STEM subjects including:
    • Mining and Ore Extraction
    • Metal Workings (e.g., gold, zinc, copper extraction, bronze idols)
    • Iron and Steel (e.g., Delhi Iron Pillar)
    • Technology and Engineering (e.g., dye and painting techniques, surgical procedures, ship building)
    • Mathematics (e.g., Indian Number System, concept of zero)

IKS – Social and Management Sciences

  • Health (physical and psychological) is encompassed by Ayurveda and Yoga
  • Wellness covers meditation and life goals
  • Psychology focuses on the Indian approach to psychology, including the concepts of Sat-Chit-Anand and Tri-Gunas, as well as Pancha-Kosa and their related aspects.
  • Governance and Public Administration (e.g., Arthashastra, aspects of secrecy, foreign policy, urban development)

Ancient Indian Knowledge Classification System

  • The system is based on completeness, compactness, and interrelatedness
  • This classification system aims to help understand and learn the Indian Knowledge System (IKS)
  • IKS has both a literary and non-literary sections
    • Literary includes Sanatana Dharma, other Dharmic traditions (e.g., Buddhist, Jain), and regional literature.
    • Non-literary encompasses oral traditions, like art forms, health practices, folklore and other aspects of life

Regional Literature

  • The Indian constitution recognizes 22 languages
  • There is a wealth of sacred and other literature in each of the 22 languages
  • Much of this literature is tied to Sanatana Dharma

Oral Traditions

  • Oral traditions are primarily folklore, stories, artistic endeavors (e.g., music, dance, sculpting), practical skill-based jobs, and practices relating to food, health (e.g., Ayurvedic massage, mud baths).

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