Ancient Greek Philosophy Quiz

The primary substance of the universe is the indeterminate boundless, referred to as the 'Apeiron.'

Anaximander theorized that the Earth is shaped like a cylinder.

Air is the fundamental element, and changes in the world happen due to rarefaction (expansion) and condensation (compression) of air.

The concept that everything can be explained by numbers and mathematics.

Change is the fundamental nature of reality. Nothing is permanent, and constant movement is the essence of existence.

Fire is the primary element and the source of everything.

Everything is unchanging and permanent. The concept of non-being, change, or motion is impossible.

Non-being, change, and motion are impossible. 'Being' is the only reality, the only principle.

Logic can be either formal, based on strict rules of reasoning, or informal, drawing on everyday experience and common sense.

Logic is the study of how we reason and think effectively. It focuses on the structure and validity of arguments.

Logic is about the order and form of arguments, making sure the conclusion follows logically from the premises.

Logic helps us understand how we arrive at judgments by examining the reasoning process and its validity.

Logic is crucial for assessing the validity of arguments, ensuring they are sound and well-supported.

Logic is a mental activity that involves reasoning, analysis, and critical thinking.

Logic is closely related to thought as it helps us understand and improve our reasoning abilities.

Logic helps prevent errors in reasoning, leading to more accurate and reliable conclusions.

A statement or proposition that is affirmed based on other statements called premises.

Statements presented as evidence to support the conclusion.

A set of statements where one (conclusion) is supported by others (premises).

The principle stating that something cannot be both true and false at the same time.

The law that states there is no middle ground between truth and falsity.

The principle that change is inherent in nature and truths can vary.

An error in reasoning that weakens an argument, often misleading or deceptive.

The ability to think critically and evaluate arguments for soundness and validity.

An argument where the conclusion logically follows from the premises, and the premises are true.

An argument that is logically valid, but where the premises are false.

A type of reasoning where the conclusion is guaranteed by the premises.

A type of reasoning where the conclusion is likely, but not guaranteed, based on the premises.

An error in reasoning that makes an argument invalid or unsound.

A fallacy where a conclusion is drawn from affirming the consequent of a conditional statement. (If A, then B; B; therefore, A)

A fallacy where a conclusion is drawn from denying the antecedent of a conditional statement. (If A, then B; Not A; therefore, Not B).

An argument that attacks the person making the argument rather than the argument itself. It aims to discredit the person's claims based on their character, background, or motives.

When an argument replaces the opponent's actual argument with a distorted or exaggerated version, making it easier to refute.

An attempt to force someone to accept an argument by threatening them or their well-being.

Fallacies in which the premises (statements used to support the conclusion) are irrelevant to the conclusion being drawn.

A type of argumentum ad hominem where the argument is rejected based on the circumstances or situation of the person presenting it.

A type of argumentum ad hominem where the argument is rejected because the person making it is accused of hypocrisy or inconsistency.

Fallacies where the mistake lies in the form or structure of the argument, not the content.

Fallacies that focus on the content or facts of the argument, rather than its structure. The mistake is found within the argument's premises.

A sentence that is either true or false. It's the core thought conveyed by a sentence, not the sentence itself.

It focuses on a single idea, usually with a subject and a predicate. Think of it as a simple statement.

It combines multiple propositions, each of which could stand alone. Think of it as a complex statement.

A proposition offering two alternatives, where neither is specifically asserted. Think of it as an 'either/or' statement.

It establishes a cause-and-effect relationship using 'if-then' language. Think of it as a conditional statement.

Words or phrases that connect simple propositions into compound ones. Think of them as the 'glue' of propositions.

A group of propositions where one is supported by the others. Think of it as an argument made up of claims.

A statement or claim that is supported by other statements, called premises. Think of it as the main point an argument tries to prove.