Ancient Greek Philosophers: Thales, Pythagoras, and Heraclitus

Thales is widely regarded as the Father of Western Philosophy due to his attempts to explain natural phenomena without relying on mythology.

Heraclitus believed that change is the only constant in the universe.

Plato founded The Academy, a school of philosophy in Athens.

Aristotle believed that 'Form' gives matter its essence and defines what it is.

A famous quote attributed to Socrates is 'Know thyself'.

Heraclitus said, 'You cannot step twice into the same rivers, for fresh waters are ever flowing in upon you,' emphasizing constant change.

St. Augustine's philosophy largely focused on addressing and solving the problem of evil.

Descartes' 'cogito, ergo sum' means the only thing indubitable is one's own thinking or existence as a thinking being.

Kant's moral philosophy centers on the idea that moral actions arise from a sense of duty, not from consequences.

Rousseau's Social Contract proposes that members of a society cooperate for social benefit, even if it means sacrificing some individual freedoms.

Kierkegaard's existentialism emphasizes that a leap of faith is necessary to define oneself and find meaning.

Nietzsche's philosophy is centrally focused on the idea that belief in the Christian God is becoming increasingly untenable.