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Questions and Answers
What event prompted the inhabitants of Mycenaean settlements to migrate to islands in the Aegean, Anatolia, and Cyprus?
Around 800 BCE, what characterized the governance of the many poleis that had arisen in Greece?
Which two city-states were the most powerful in Ancient Greece?
What type of government did Athens have during this period?
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What characterized Sparta's governance system during this period?
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How did Sparta extend its power throughout the Peloponnesus?
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Which Roman king was the last to rule before the establishment of the Roman Republic?
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What was the role of the Senate in the Roman Republic?
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What led to the widening of the social gap between Plebeians and Patricians in Rome?
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What was the main outcome of Julius Caesar being voted in as Dictator for life in 45-44 BCE?
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What marked the end of Monarchy rule in Rome according to historical records?
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What was the significance of the Twelve Tablets in Roman history?
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What was one of the laws that Draco, an Athenian leader, introduced in 621 BCE?
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Which Greek philosopher wrote about topics as varied as biology and drama?
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During the Peloponnesian War, what was one of the strategies used by Sparta against Athens?
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What did Alexander the Great do that allowed for Hellenistic culture to spread widely?
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In Spartan society, what characterized the Helots?
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Study Notes
Mycenaean Migration
- Inhabitants of Mycenaean settlements migrated to islands in the Aegean, Anatolia, and Cyprus due to widespread turmoil and the collapse of the Mycenaean civilization.
Governance in Greece (800 BCE)
- Governance in the numerous poleis that arose in Greece was characterized by emerging forms of political organization, local laws, and democratic elements, often varying from one city-state to another.
Powerful City-States
- Athens and Sparta were the two most powerful city-states in Ancient Greece, each representing unique cultural and military values.
Athenian Government
- Athens operated under a system of direct democracy, where citizens had the right to participate in decision-making and governance.
Spartan Governance
- Sparta's governance was characterized by an oligarchic system, with power concentrated in a council of elders and dual kingship, focusing on military discipline and societal stability.
Spartan Expansion
- Sparta extended its power throughout the Peloponnesus by establishing a network of alliances and dominating neighboring city-states through military strength.
End of Monarchy in Rome
- The last king to rule before the establishment of the Roman Republic was King Tarquin the Proud, whose tyrannical rule led to his overthrow.
Role of the Senate
- In the Roman Republic, the Senate functioned as an advisory body, influencing legislation and foreign policy, providing stability and continuity in governance.
Social Gap in Rome
- The widening social gap between Plebeians and Patricians in Rome was driven by economic disparities, political disenfranchisement, and the struggles for power and representation.
Julius Caesar's Dictatorship
- The main outcome of Julius Caesar being voted in as Dictator for life in 45-44 BCE was the consolidation of power and the erosion of the Republic's democratic principles, leading to civil unrest.
Monarchy's End in Rome
- Historical records indicate that the establishment of the Roman Republic, marked by the exile of Tarquin, signified the end of Monarchy rule in Rome.
Twelve Tables Significance
- The Twelve Tables were significant in Roman history as they represented the first codification of Roman law, ensuring legal transparency and protecting citizens' rights.
Draco's Law
- One of the laws introduced by Draco in 621 BCE was the establishment of severe penalties for crimes, known for its harshness, leading to the phrase "Draconian laws."
Philosopher's Influence
- Aristotle wrote about various topics, including biology, drama, ethics, and politics, contributing significantly to knowledge and thought in ancient philosophy.
Spartan Strategy in Peloponnesian War
- One strategy used by Sparta against Athens during the Peloponnesian War included leveraging their formidable land army to disrupt Athenian supply lines and resources.
Hellenistic Culture Spread
- Alexander the Great facilitated the widespread dissemination of Hellenistic culture through his conquests and the establishment of cities that promoted Greek language and customs.
Helots in Spartan Society
- Helots were an oppressed class within Spartan society, primarily serving as agricultural laborers bound to the land, representing a significant demographic and economic segment.
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Description
Explore the rise of the Greek city-states or poleis during the Ancient Greece era, tracing back to the aftermath of the Trojan War and the migration of Mycenaean inhabitants. Discover how these independent poleis emerged and developed in the mountainous region of Greece by 800 BCE.
