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Questions and Answers
What was one of the key contributions of field doctors during warfare?
What was one of the key contributions of field doctors during warfare?
- They performed surgical operations in the battlefield.
- They designed prosthetics for injured soldiers.
- They developed advanced anesthesia techniques.
- They improved sanitation in military camps. (correct)
What material was used in the construction of Roman concrete that allowed it to withstand the test of time?
What material was used in the construction of Roman concrete that allowed it to withstand the test of time?
- Sand and gravel
- Lime and volcanic rock (correct)
- Cement and clay
- Brick and mortar
What is the Chinese name for the abacus, which signifies 'calculating tray'?
What is the Chinese name for the abacus, which signifies 'calculating tray'?
- Biao
- Nian
- Suanpan (correct)
- Gui
Which of the following inventions was among the Four Great Inventions of ancient China?
Which of the following inventions was among the Four Great Inventions of ancient China?
What roles did the asu and asipu play in Sumerian medicine?
What roles did the asu and asipu play in Sumerian medicine?
During which dynasty did the first navigational compasses evolve in China?
During which dynasty did the first navigational compasses evolve in China?
What ancient technology was developed in China in the 7th century that involved the use of woodblocks?
What ancient technology was developed in China in the 7th century that involved the use of woodblocks?
What significant agricultural innovation did the Sumerians develop to manage water supply?
What significant agricultural innovation did the Sumerians develop to manage water supply?
What was the primary use of the two-wheeled chariot developed by the Sumerians?
What was the primary use of the two-wheeled chariot developed by the Sumerians?
What was the primary function of kites in ancient Chinese military practices?
What was the primary function of kites in ancient Chinese military practices?
What was the significance of the Sumerians' invention of the plow?
What was the significance of the Sumerians' invention of the plow?
What was the original function of a sundial in ancient China?
What was the original function of a sundial in ancient China?
In Sumerian construction, what material was primarily used to create bricks?
In Sumerian construction, what material was primarily used to create bricks?
Which of the following items did the Sumerians create using metallurgy?
Which of the following items did the Sumerians create using metallurgy?
What type of boat did the Sumerians invent?
What type of boat did the Sumerians invent?
How did the Sumerians control the temperature in their furnaces?
How did the Sumerians control the temperature in their furnaces?
What significant mathematical concept did the Babylonians develop?
What significant mathematical concept did the Babylonians develop?
Which structure is associated with the Babylonians?
Which structure is associated with the Babylonians?
In which area did the Sumerians not make significant advancements compared to the Babylonians?
In which area did the Sumerians not make significant advancements compared to the Babylonians?
What was one of the major contributions of the Egyptians around 3000 BC?
What was one of the major contributions of the Egyptians around 3000 BC?
Which civilization is credited with creating the Code of Hammurabi?
Which civilization is credited with creating the Code of Hammurabi?
What structure did the Sumerians develop that displayed their architectural skills?
What structure did the Sumerians develop that displayed their architectural skills?
How did the Sumerians approach healing compared to the Babylonians?
How did the Sumerians approach healing compared to the Babylonians?
Which of the following inventions is uniquely attributed to the Egyptians?
Which of the following inventions is uniquely attributed to the Egyptians?
What was the primary use of the hourglass for sailors?
What was the primary use of the hourglass for sailors?
What was a significant advantage of hourglasses over water clocks aboard ships?
What was a significant advantage of hourglasses over water clocks aboard ships?
What is the primary purpose of distillation in the production of liquor?
What is the primary purpose of distillation in the production of liquor?
Which invention is credited to Johannes Gutenberg?
Which invention is credited to Johannes Gutenberg?
What notable discovery did Galileo make using his telescope?
What notable discovery did Galileo make using his telescope?
Who were the inventors of the first microscope?
Who were the inventors of the first microscope?
How did the printing press influence the spread of knowledge?
How did the printing press influence the spread of knowledge?
What factor contributed to the rise of eyeglasses in the 13th century?
What factor contributed to the rise of eyeglasses in the 13th century?
What was the primary function of the Videophone invented by Gregorio Zara?
What was the primary function of the Videophone invented by Gregorio Zara?
Which Filipino invention is described as the most common form of transportation today?
Which Filipino invention is described as the most common form of transportation today?
What is the primary purpose of the Pili Seal developed by Engr. Mark Kennedy E. Bantugon?
What is the primary purpose of the Pili Seal developed by Engr. Mark Kennedy E. Bantugon?
Which Mesoamerican civilization is known for prioritizing architecture and astronomy?
Which Mesoamerican civilization is known for prioritizing architecture and astronomy?
The Salamander is particularly designed for which type of environment?
The Salamander is particularly designed for which type of environment?
During which period did the Mesoamerican hunter-gatherer culture transition towards agriculture?
During which period did the Mesoamerican hunter-gatherer culture transition towards agriculture?
Which of the following modern-day countries was NOT part of the Inca Empire at its height?
Which of the following modern-day countries was NOT part of the Inca Empire at its height?
What significant architectural feature did the Olmec civilization contribute to Mesoamerica?
What significant architectural feature did the Olmec civilization contribute to Mesoamerica?
Study Notes
Sumerian Civilization
- Developed the first writing system, cuneiform, which used wedge-shaped marks pressed into clay tablets
- Made advancements in mathematics and astronomy
- Had a base 60 system (60 seconds in a minute, 60 minutes in an hour, 360 degrees in a circle)
- Created addition, subtraction, multiplication and division
- Developed two types of medicine: therapeutic (asu) and religious (asipu)
- Developed artificial irrigation systems, including canals and shadufs
- Invented the chariot, plow, and mass-produced bricks
- Advanced metallurgy and used copper to make various tools and art pieces
- Built simple wooden boats for transport
- Developed significant advancements in mathematics, especially with the creation of the concept of zero
- Constructed ziggurats (stepped pyramids)
Babylonian Civilization
- Continued Sumerian advancements in mathematics, engineering, architecture, and medicine.
- Used a positional number system based on 60.
- Made progress in algebra, geometry and arithmetic
- Continued to build cities and develop complex irrigation systems
- Constructed large-scale structures, like the Hanging Gardens of Babylon
- Made significant contributions to medicine by documenting various diseases and developing remedies
- Developed the Code of Hammurabi, one of the earliest legal codes
Ancient Egyptian Technology and Inventions
- Made significant advancements in various fields, including mathematics, geometry, surveying, astronomy, medicine, metallurgy, and agriculture
- Discovered bronze by mixing copper and tin ore around 3000 BC
- Developed surgical techniques, including the use of arterial surgical clamps and tourniquets
- Invented the ramp, lever, plow, and mills for grinding grains
Chinese Civilization
- Invented the abacus, sundial, and Kongming lantern
- Developed four great inventions: the compass, gunpowder, papermaking, and printing
- Advanced knowledge in silk working, magnetism, and porcelain
- Invented kites for signaling warnings and umbrellas for sun and rain protection
- Used herbs for medicinal purposes
The Compass
- First compasses were made of lodestone, a naturally magnetized stone of iron, in Han dynasty China
- Used for land navigation in the mid-11th century, Song dynasty
Printing
- Originated in China from ink rubbings made on paper or cloth from texts on stone tablets
- Mechanical woodblock printing on paper began in China during the Tang dynasty
The Abacus
- Chinese Abacus known as the Suanpan, meaning calculating tray
The Sundial
- Originated from the gnomon, used to determine the seasons in Neolithic China
- Made of two parts: erected pole called biao and horizontal template called gui
Hot Air Balloons
- First evidence emerged from China in the 3rd century during the Warring States period
The Hour Glass
- Used as a timekeeping device by sailors to determine their longitude
- Preferred over water clocks because sand wasn't affected by the rocking motion of ships
- Used ashore for various tasks like church services and work
Distillation
- Used to produce liquor by separating different liquids within a mixture
- Important technique used in science and industry
Eyeglasses/Spectacles
- Developed by 13th-century Italians for people with poor eyesight
- Early models were hand-held or pinched on the nose
Printing Press
- Invented by Johannes Gutenberg from Mainland, Germany around 1440
- Enabled industrial-scale printing, leading to the spread of knowledge and ideas
Telescope
- Galileo's Telescopes were crude refracting telescopes that magnified 8x initially, but were soon refined to 20x
- Used for observing celestial objects and resulted in the discovery of the moons of Jupiter
The Microscope
- Invented by Hans and Zacharias Janssen, Dutch spectacle-makers
- Robert Hooke's "Micrographia" illustrated various studies using the microscope
The Videophone
- Invented by Gregorio Zara in 1955
- Worked like a telephone with a camera, allowing visual communication
- Similar technology implemented in modern web cameras
Mesoamerican Civilization
- Emerged from the Archaic Period, moving from hunter-gatherer culture to agriculture
- Consists of: Olmec, Maya, Aztec, Inca civilizations
- The Inca Empire at its peak included modern-day Peru, western and south-central Bolivia, southwest Ecuador and Colombia, and a large portion of modern-day Chile
- All civilizations had a focus on education, particularly in astronomy, philosophy, statesmanship, and engineering
- Monumental architecture and pyramids were constructed by all civilizations
Mesoamerican Civilizations: Contribution Comparison Chart
| Contribution | Olmec (around 1400 BC) | Aztec (1345 - 1521 CE) | Maya (300 - 900 AD) | Inca (1400 and 1533 CE) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Standardized education | Quality education consistent with the needs of the empire: astronomy, philosophy, statesmanship, and engineering, called the calmecac. | |||
| Medicine, science, art, and philosophy were all very important to all three civilizations, but the greatest priorities were on astronomy and architecture. | ||||
| Monumental architecture - buildings of immense size and scale | Large stone monuments (Colossal heads) and pyramids to honor their leaders and gods. |
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Description
Test your knowledge of the Sumerian and Babylonian civilizations, which laid the foundations of writing, mathematics, and engineering. Explore their advancements, including cuneiform, irrigation systems, and the development of the chariot. This quiz covers key contributions that shaped human history.
