Ancient Civilizations Quiz
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Questions and Answers

In warm regions with very little ______ available, bricks were generally sun dried.

timber

A ______ is a brick made of a mixture of loam, mud, sand, and water, often with binding materials.

mudbrick

The ancient city of Jericho used a ______ wall construction system.

Double Redoubtable

Jericho was built around a reliable source of ______.

<p>freshwater</p> Signup and view all the answers

Khirokitia, an early settlement in Cyprus, is known for being the first documented settlement with ______.

<p>streets</p> Signup and view all the answers

Khirokitia's main street, heading uphill, was narrow but had a wider ______, which may have been a social spot.

<p>terminal</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ______ was a key innovation that influenced the development of the earliest cities.

<p>Plow</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Early Settlement of Jericho had about ______ people.

<p>3000</p> Signup and view all the answers

Catalhoyuk, an early settlement in Turkey, dates back to approximately ______ B.C.

<p>7000</p> Signup and view all the answers

The city of ______ is acknowledged as the oldest city in the Fertile Crescent.

<p>Eridu</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ancient city of Babylon, located in Mesopotamia, had a population of approximately ______ inhabitants.

<p>80,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

Thebes and Memphis, located along the Nile Valley, are characterized by their ______ architecture.

<p>monumental</p> Signup and view all the answers

Tel-el-Amarna, a typical Egyptian city, featured a ______ area, a North Suburb, and a South City.

<p>Central</p> Signup and view all the answers

In ancient Egypt, worker communities were built in cells along narrow ______.

<p>roads</p> Signup and view all the answers

Jericho, situated near the Dead Sea, is considered one of the earliest ______ settlements in the world.

<p>continuous</p> Signup and view all the answers

The city of ______, located in the Huang-Ho Valley, was known as Chengchou.

<p>Zhengzhou</p> Signup and view all the answers

The cities of Mohenjo – Daro and Harrappa had approximately 40,000 inhabitants and served as administrative-religious centers in the Indus Valley of present day _____.

<p>Pakistan</p> Signup and view all the answers

Anyang is known as the largest city of the Yellow River Valley in _____.

<p>China</p> Signup and view all the answers

The present form of ____ originated during the Ming Dynasty around 1368-1644.

<p>Beijing</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hippodamus, noted for urban planning, introduced the grid system and the ____ in Miletus.

<p>Agora</p> Signup and view all the answers

Sparta and Athens are considered the largest cities of ancient _____.

<p>Greece</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ______ of Eumenes II is one of the significant structures located in Miletus.

<p>Temple</p> Signup and view all the answers

Miletus features various noteworthy sites including the ______ Bath of Vergilius Capito.

<p>Baths</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ______ of Miletus highlights the Roman adaptation of engineering and architecture.

<p>map</p> Signup and view all the answers

Romans are known for their engineering prowess, including the construction of ______ and public baths.

<p>aqueducts</p> Signup and view all the answers

The South ______ is one of the notable agoras found in Miletus.

<p>Agora</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Spanish ‘Laws of the Indies’ established guidelines for three types of towns: the pueblo, the presidio, and the ______.

<p>mission</p> Signup and view all the answers

Savannah, designed by James Oglethorpe, is an example of an English Renaissance ______.

<p>town</p> Signup and view all the answers

Philadelphia was developed under the concept of the Speculators ______ by William Penn.

<p>Town</p> Signup and view all the answers

Robert Owen is associated with the 'reform movement' and envisioned an ideal community in ______, Indiana.

<p>New Harmony</p> Signup and view all the answers

The transition from manpower to assembly lines is characteristic of the ‘Machine ______’ during the Industrial Revolution.

<p>Age</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ______ was the traditional Roman house that included a central atrium.

<p>Domus</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the medieval age, urban design was heavily influenced by ______.

<p>feudalism</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Roman Forum consisted of various buildings, including the ______, which served as the local meeting hall.

<p>Curia</p> Signup and view all the answers

Coastal port towns in the 11th century often grew from military ______.

<p>fortifications</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the 15th century, arts and architecture became a major element of town planning and ______ design.

<p>urban</p> Signup and view all the answers

The rise of the Church was signified by towns like ______ and Constantinople during the medieval age.

<p>Sienna</p> Signup and view all the answers

Geometrical forms of cities were proposed during the ______ century as part of urban planning concepts.

<p>15th</p> Signup and view all the answers

Major population concentrations like Florence, Paris, and ______ emerged due to world trade and travel.

<p>Venice</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Flashcards

Catalhoyuk

An early Neolithic city in Turkey, dating from circa 7000 B.C., covering 13 hectares with a population of 10,000.

Jericho

One of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world, dating from about 9000 BCE.

Fertile Crescent

Region in the Middle East where early cities formed due to fertile land and water sources from rivers like Tigris and Euphrates.

Eridu

Considered the oldest city in the world, located in ancient Mesopotamia.

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Babylon

Largest city of ancient Mesopotamia, home to about 80,000 inhabitants.

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Thebes

A major city of ancient Egypt along the Nile, known for its monumental architecture.

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Tel-el-Amarna

An example of an Egyptian city layout with distinct areas including a central area and worker's village.

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Indus Valley Cities

Notable ancient cities including Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro known for advanced urban planning.

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Miletus

An ancient city in Asia Minor known for its significant architectural and cultural landmarks.

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Temple of Athena

A temple located in Miletus dedicated to the goddess Athena, showcasing Hellenistic architecture.

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Aqueducts

Engineering structures built by Romans to transport water from one location to another.

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Roman Baths

Public bathing facilities in Roman cities that served social and hygiene purposes.

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Social hierarchy in Roman cities

The structured ranking of people based on wealth, status, and occupation in Roman urban life.

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Indus Valley Civilization

An advanced civilization in present-day Pakistan, around 2500 B.C., featuring large cities like Mohenjo-Daro and Harrappa with advanced sanitation systems.

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Anyang

The largest city of the Yellow River Valley in China around 1900 B.C., known as 'land within the passes'.

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Acropolis

A significant religious and defensive structure in ancient Greek city-states, commonly found on hills like Athens.

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Hippodamus

The first noted urban planner, who introduced the grid system and organized city sections around 400 B.C.

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Basilica

Covered markets that evolved into law courts in Roman architecture.

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Curia

The local meeting hall in Rome that later served as the capitol.

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Laws of the Indies

Guidelines by King Philip II for town creation, leading to pueblos, presidios, and missions.

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Domus

Traditional Roman house characterized by a central atrium.

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English Renaissance Towns

Planned cities in America influenced by European design, including Savannah and Williamsburg.

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Insulae

Multi-story apartments in Rome, often with shops on the ground floor.

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Feudalism

A system affecting urban design in medieval towns, emphasizing local, intimate layouts.

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Speculators Town

Cities driven by speculation for land and development, exemplified by Philadelphia designed by William Penn.

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The Machine Age

Period marked by a shift from manual labor to assembly lines during the Industrial Revolution.

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Mercantilism

Economic theory driving the growth of 11th century coastal port towns.

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Renaissance Urban Design

15th-century planning emphasizing arts and geometrical city forms.

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Reform Movement

Social reform led by Robert Owen focusing on Utopian socialism and ideal communities.

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Medieval Bastide

French term for new towns resembling grids or radial plans, showcasing flexibility.

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Natural calamities

Events like fire, flood, or volcano eruptions that affect urban growth.

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Fertile soil

Rich land that supports agriculture, crucial for settlements.

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Mudbrick

A brick made from a mixture of mud, sand, water, and organic material.

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Khirokitia

An ancient settlement in Cyprus, known for its streets and circular layout, dating back 5500 B.C.

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Double Redoubtable Wall

A fortified wall construction used in Jericho for defense.

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Neolithic cities

Early urban centers established between 7000 – 9000 B.C., characterized by agriculture and construction.

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Circular stone wall

A defensive structure around Jericho, crucial for its protection.

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Study Notes

History of Settlements

  • Settlements evolved from early Neolithic cities like Jericho (Israel, 9000 BCE) and Khirokitia (Cyprus, 5500 BCE) which were well-organized communities built around reliable sources of water.
  • Natural factors like potential for natural calamities (fire, floods, volcanic eruptions), fertile soil, water bodies, resources, and terrain influenced urban area development.
  • Innovations like the plow and rectilinear farming, and circular/radiocentric planning impacted the earliest cities' form, initially for herding and later for defense.
  • A mudbrick, made from a mixture of loam, mud, sand and water, was widely used in building.
  • Early settlements were often fortified. The ancient city of Jericho demonstrates a very early form of walled defense with a double redoubtable wall.
  • Catalhoyuk (Turkey, 7000 BCE) was a large Neolithic city with densely packed houses, shrines and quarters for specialized crafts, with a social focus on trade.
  • The Tigris and Euphrates river valleys in Mesopotamia formed the basis for cities during 2000 - 4000 BCE. Eridu is acknowledged as the oldest city. Babylon was renowned as the largest of these ancient cities.
  • Cities in the Nile River Valley during 3000 BCE, like Thebes and Memphis, were notable for monumental architecture, avenues, temple plazas, and rock-cut tombs.
  • Tel-el-Amarna (Egypt) showcased a typical Egyptian city, with a structured plan comprising a central area, suburbs, and a workers' village.
  • Cities in the Indus Valley (present-day Pakistan), like Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa, demonstrate evidence of an advanced civilization showcasing housing variations and sanitary/sewage systems.
  • By 1900 BCE, cities in the Yellow River Valley (China) developed, with Anyang as a significant city.
  • Cities in Mesoamerica (BCE-CE) were built by Zapotecs, Mextecs, and Aztecs, using techniques of geometrical design. Teotihuacan and Dzibilchaltun were among the largest.
  • Greek cities (700 BCE) sprang up in the Aegean region and westward to France and Spain, a polis or city-state, with the Acropolis as a religious and defensive landmark.
  • Hippodamus (of Miletus), a 400 BCE urban planner, introduced grid systems in cities like Miletus, with distinct sections for artisans, farmers, and the military.
  • Roman cities (adopted Greek designs with monumental scale and social hierarchy) featured public works like aqueducts, baths using engineers, systems, fountains.
  • Housing variations included Basilicas (covered markets and courts), Curias (meeting halls), Domus (traditional houses), and Insulae (apartment blocks).
  • Medieval towns (11th century Europe) grew from military outposts, with winding roads and prominent religious or military features.
  • 15th-century cities witnessed the rise of Vienna as a center of culture, with landscape architectures showcasing palaces and gardens. Geometric forms in town planning started to become prominent.
  • 17th to 19th century cities exemplify medieval organic cities. American English Renaissance towns were also frequently planned with focal points for civic functions, such as Annapolis and Williamsburg.
  • The 18th to 19th centuries saw the development of the Industrial Revolution with cities adapting to advances in industry and technology. Cities like New Lanark and New Harmony exemplify the Industrial innovations and changes.
  • The growth of the industrial revolution showcased ideas from urban planners, with models like Tony Garnier’s Une Cite Industrielle.

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History of Settlements PDF

Description

Test your knowledge about ancient civilizations such as Jericho and Khirokitia. This quiz covers key innovations, construction methods, and the demographics of early settlements. Discover fascinating facts about the oldest cities in the Fertile Crescent and their unique characteristics.

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