Anatomy: Neck and Thorax

Questions and Answers

What is the superior attachment of the deep investing fascia?

Mastoid process

Inferior border of zygomatic arch

Inferior border of the body of hyoid bone (correct)

Inferior border of mandible (correct)

Which structure does the deep investing fascia split to pass around?

SCM (correct)

Trapezius (correct)

Alar fascia

Hyoid bone

Where does the deep investing fascia blend with the musculature of the back?

Transverse processes of thoracic vertebrae (correct)

Anterior longitudinal ligament (correct)

Spine of the scapula

Medial border of the scapula

What is the inferior attachment of the deep investing fascia?

Manubrium sterni Signup and view all the answers

Which component forms the alar fascia?

Prevertebral fascia Signup and view all the answers

What is the superior attachment of the visceral/pretracheal fascia?

Base of the skull Signup and view all the answers

Which fascia surrounds the cervical vertebral unit?

Prevertebral fascia Signup and view all the answers

What is the inferior attachment of the visceral/pretracheal fascia?

Superior mediastinum Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle group is associated with the neck and is mentioned in the content?

Suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles Signup and view all the answers

What does the deep investing fascia encapsulate in the neck?

Visceral organs Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the cervical fascia mentioned?

To form a protective sheath Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of cervical fascia is deep to the deep investing fascia?

Visceral/pretracheal fascia Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle group is not specifically mentioned in the content related to the neck?

Accessory muscles Signup and view all the answers

Which type of muscle is considered voluntary and striated?

Skeletal striated muscle Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of cardiac striated muscle?

Forms the heart wall Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures connects muscles to bones?

Tendon Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'origin' refer to in muscle anatomy?

The fixed attachment site during contraction Signup and view all the answers

Which connective tissue structure connects bones to other bones?

Ligament Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of smooth unstriated muscle?

Striated structure Signup and view all the answers

What is the 'belly' of a muscle?

Fleshy portion between attachment sites Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true about muscle origins and the exception of the platysma?

Origins are generally fixed in the proximal areas. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary origin of the internal intercostal muscle?

Adjacent ribs Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following actions do the internal intercostal muscles perform?

Assist the external and internal intercostal muscle Signup and view all the answers

What is the nerve supply for the internal intercostal muscles?

Intercostal nerves Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions can be caused by damage to the spinal accessory nerve?

Torticollis Signup and view all the answers

What symptom is commonly associated with torticollis?

Stiffness in the neck muscles Signup and view all the answers

In a diaphragmatic hernia, which of the following occurs?

Abdominal contents protrude into the thoracic cavity Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic does the internal intercostal muscle's fiber orientation exhibit?

Transversely oriented fibers forming an incomplete layer Signup and view all the answers

Which type of torticollis is primarily congenital?

Congenital muscular torticollis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of fascia in the body?

To support and bind muscles and nerves together Signup and view all the answers

Which type of fascicle arrangement has short fascicles relative to the overall muscle length?

Pennate Signup and view all the answers

What role do synergist muscles play in the body?

They assist the agonist in movement Signup and view all the answers

Which function best describes the agonist muscle during movement?

It is the prime mover that contracts to create movement Signup and view all the answers

In a coordinated body movement, what is the role of the antagonist muscle?

It relaxes to allow the movement to occur Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following fascicle arrangements allows for more muscle fibers to be packed into a given volume?

Pennate Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes muscles that stabilize the origin of an agonist during movement?

Fixators Signup and view all the answers

What is the general arrangement of muscles that allows them to slide over one another during movement?

They are surrounded by fascia that allows gliding Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Muscles of the Neck

Suprahyoid muscles located above the hyoid bone, assist in swallowing and movements of the larynx.
Infrahyoid muscles located below the hyoid bone, stabilize the hyoid during swallowing and speaking.
Superficial muscles of the neck include the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) and trapezius, facilitating head and shoulder movements.

Cervical Fascias

Deep investing fascia wraps around the neck’s circumference, splitting to encase SCM and trapezius.
Visceral/pretracheal fascia surrounds the neck's visceral unit; superiorly attaches to the hyoid bone and base of the skull, inferiorly to the superior mediastinum.
Prevertebral fascia encases cervical vertebrae; superior attachment at the base of the skull.
Alar fascia, derived from prevertebral fascia, provides lateral binding to transverse processes.

Muscles of the Thorax

Internal intercostal muscles run transversely between adjacent ribs, aiding in thoracic expansion and contraction.
Nerve supply for intercostal muscles comes from intercostal nerves.

Clinical Notes

Chest X-ray examination can reveal normal findings or conditions like diaphragmatic hernia, which allows abdominal contents to protrude into the thoracic cavity, potentially impacting cardiac location.
Torticollis, or wryneck, results from abnormal neck muscle contractions; causes include spinal accessory nerve damage and can manifest in congenital or acquired forms.

Types of Muscles

Skeletal striated muscle is voluntary, supporting body movement.
Cardiac striated muscle is involuntary, forming the heart's structure.
Smooth unstriated muscle is involuntary, ubiquitous in hollow organs and blood vessel walls.

Muscle Attachment Sites

Tendon serves as the connection from muscle to bone.
Origin is a fixed point during contraction, typically proximal.
Insertion is the movable endpoint during muscle contraction.
Belly denotes the central part of the muscle between origin and insertion.

Arrangement of Fascicles

Types include fusiform, circular, triangular, parallel, and pennate—each affecting muscle function and movement.

Coordination Among Muscles

Agonist: The prime mover muscle that contracts to facilitate movement.
Antagonist: Muscle that relaxes to allow movement.
Synergist: Assists the agonist to enhance movement.
Fixator: Stabilizes the origin of the agonist for efficient movement.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles of the neck. This quiz covers the superficial, anterior, and lateral vertebral muscles, providing a comprehensive review of the anatomy related to this region. A must for students of anatomy!