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Questions and Answers
Which muscles are specifically mentioned as being responsible for various facial expressions?
Where do the muscles of facial expression lie according to the text?
What is the main function of the major muscles of mastication?
How do the muscles of the anterior neck contribute to head movement?
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Which type of muscles of facial expression insert on the skin rather than the bones?
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Which muscle is responsible for raising lateral corners of the mouth, as in smiling?
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What is the main action of the Orbicularis oculi muscle?
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Which muscle tenses the skin of the neck, like during shaving?
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Which muscle runs mostly circular and is responsible for closing the lips?
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What is the main action of the Corrugator supercilii muscle?
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Which muscle extends diagonally from the cheekbone to the corner of the mouth?
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What is the action of the Depressor labii inferioris muscle?
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Which muscle is considered the most medial muscle of the neck?
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Which muscle of the neck is moved by muscles originating on the axial skeleton inferiorly?
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What muscle appears as a superior continuation of the sternothyroid muscle?
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Which muscle is a straplike muscle with two bellies united by an intermediate tendon and is lateral to sternohyoid?
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What muscle is the most lateral muscle of the neck, deep to the platysma and sternocleidomastoid?
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Which muscle divides each side of the neck into a posterior and an anterior triangle?
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Which muscle elevates the first two ribs and aids in inspiration?
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'Anterior, middle, and posterior' are parts of which group of muscles located more laterally than anteriorly on the neck?
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Which muscle is responsible for elevating and retracting the hyoid, thereby elongating the floor of the mouth during swallowing?
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What is the function of the infrahyoid muscles as described in the text?
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Which muscle forms a sling that makes the floor of the anterior mouth?
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What is the role of Stylohyoid muscle in swallowing as per the text?
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Which muscle runs from chin to hyoid bone and helps in elevating and protracting the hyoid?
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What is the main purpose of anterior neck muscles lying superior to the hyoid bone during swallowing?
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'Aid in closing the air passageway of the larynx during swallowing' refers to which group of muscles as per the text?
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'Elevates and protracts the hyoid; widens the pharynx for receiving food during swallowing.' This description best fits which muscle?
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Which muscle is mainly responsible for flexion of the head?
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Where can the Carotid arteries be gently palpated according to the text?
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Which muscle group aids in extension of the head?
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What is located inferiorly to the Posterior triangle?
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What is found between the SCM and trapezius in the neck's Posterior triangle?
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Which muscle group contributes to lateral flexion and rotation of the head?
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At what level should the carotid artery be palpated during an examination?
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Study Notes
Muscles of Facial Expression
- The zygomaticus major muscle is responsible for raising the lateral corners of the mouth, as in smiling.
- The orbicularis oculi muscle is responsible for the main action of closing the eyelids.
- The muscles of facial expression lie in the subcutaneous tissue of the face and scalp.
- The platysma muscle is a type of muscle that inserts on the skin rather than the bones.
Muscles of Mastication
- The main function of the major muscles of mastication is to move the mandible (lower jawbone) during chewing.
- The muscles of mastication include the masseter, temporalis, and medial and lateral pterygoids.
Muscles of the Anterior Neck
- The muscles of the anterior neck contribute to head movement by flexing the head and neck.
- The sternocleidomastoid muscle is responsible for flexing the head and neck.
- The anterior neck muscles, including the digastric and stylohyoid muscles, elevate and protract the hyoid bone during swallowing.
- The infrahyoid muscles, including the sternothyroid and sternohyoid muscles, have the function of elevating and retracting the hyoid bone during swallowing.
Muscles of the Neck
- The scalene muscles are located more laterally than anteriorly on the neck and are divided into anterior, middle, and posterior parts.
- The omohyoid muscle divides each side of the neck into a posterior and an anterior triangle.
- The sternocleidomastoid muscle is the most lateral muscle of the neck, deep to the platysma and sternocleidomastoid.
- The posterior neck muscles, including the trapezius and splenius capitis, contribute to extension of the head.
- The scalene muscles contribute to lateral flexion and rotation of the head.
- The carotid arteries can be gently palpated inferior to the posterior triangle.
Other Muscles
- The buccinator muscle forms a sling that makes the floor of the anterior mouth.
- The geniohyoid muscle runs from the chin to the hyoid bone and helps in elevating and protracting the hyoid during swallowing.
- The stylohyoid muscle elevates and protracts the hyoid bone during swallowing.
- The thyrohyoid muscle aids in closing the air passageway of the larynx during swallowing.
- The digastric muscle elevates and protracts the hyoid bone, widens the pharynx for receiving food during swallowing.
- The carotid artery should be palpated at the level of the cricoid cartilage during an examination.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the anterior neck muscles that lie superior to the hyoid bone, including digastric, mylohyoid, stylohyoid, omohyoid, sternohyoid, thyrohyoid, and sternocleidomastoid. Identify the functions and locations of these important muscles.
