Anatomy Terminology Overview

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Questions and Answers

What term is used to describe a position near to the trunk?

Deep

Distal

Superficial

Proximal (correct)

Which example corresponds to a membranous type of bone development?

Mandible

Femur

Scapula (correct)

Clavicle

Which function of bones is NOT correct?

Store energy as fat (correct)

Formation of blood cells

Protect vital organs

Give shape and support for the body

Which classification of bones is specifically concerned with the site of the bone?

Regional Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bone has a spongy structure?

Cancellous Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the classification of bones based on their shape?

Morphological Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of bones?

Regulating body temperature Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct example of an irregular bone?

Vertebrae Signup and view all the answers

What type of bone is the patella classified as?

Sesamoid bone Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the patella?

Protection of tendons from compression Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the long bone is responsible for growth in length?

Epiphyseal plate Signup and view all the answers

What structure separates the epiphysis from the metaphysis in a long bone?

Epiphyseal plate Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the central region of a long bone?

Diaphysis Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the epiphyseal plate after complete growth in length of a long bone?

It disappears and forms the epiphyseal line Signup and view all the answers

What is contained within the medullary cavity of a long bone?

Bone marrow Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures covers the outer surface of the diaphysis?

Periosteum Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of anatomy?

The science which studies the gross structure of the human body. Signup and view all the answers

In the anatomical position, which statement is true regarding the upper limbs?

The upper limbs are stretched with palms facing anteriorly. Signup and view all the answers

Which plane divides the body into anterior and posterior parts?

Coronal (frontal) plane Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'superior' refer to in anatomical terms?

Near to the head. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the term 'medial'?

Closer to the midline or median plane. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following terms refers to a position further from the trunk?

Distal Signup and view all the answers

What is the anatomical term used to describe a position closer to the front of the body?

Ventral Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes a body position where the body lies on its back?

Supine position Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Definition of Anatomy

The study of the gross structure of the human body.

Anatomical Terms

Terms of Position:
- Anatomical position: Standing upright, upper limbs stretched, palms facing anteriorly, thumbs directed laterally, lower limbs straight, feet close together, eyes looking forward.
- Supine position: Body lying on the back.
- Prone position: Body lying on the abdomen.
Terms of Planes:
- Sagittal plane: Vertical plane dividing the body into symmetrical right & left halves.
  - Median plane: Divides the body into equal right & left halves.
  - Paramedian plane: Any plane parallel to the median plane.
- Coronal (frontal) plane: Vertical plane dividing the body into anterior and posterior parts.
- Horizontal (transverse) plane: Divides the body into upper and lower parts.
Terms of Relations:
- Anterior (Ventral): Near to the front of the body.
- Posterior (Dorsal): Near to the back of the body.
- Superior (Upper): Near to the head or the upper end.
- Inferior (Lower): Near to the feet or the lower end.
- Medial: Near to the median plane.
- Lateral: Away from the median plane.
- Intermediate: Between the medial and lateral.
- Proximal: Near to the trunk.
- Distal: Away from the trunk.
- Superficial: Near to the surface of the body.
- Deep: Away from the surface of the body.
- External (Outer): Away from the cavity.
- Internal (Inner): Near to the cavity.

Skeletal System

Osteology: The study of bones.
Functions of Bones:
- Provide shape and support for the body.
- Protect vital organs.
- Facilitate muscle attachment and movements.
- Store calcium and phosphorus.
- Produce blood cells via the bone marrow.

Classification of Bones

Regional:
- Axial: Skull, sternum, ribs, and vertebrae.
- Appendicular: Bones of the upper and lower limbs.
Developmental:
- Membranous: Develop from membranes, e.g., skull bones forming the vault of the skull and scapula.
- Cartilaginous: Develop from cartilage, e.g., bones forming the limbs.
- Membrano-cartilaginous (Mixed type): Develop from both membrane and cartilage, e.g., mandible and clavicle.
Structural:
- Hard (Compact): Forms the cortical covering of all bones.
- Spongy (Cancellous): Forms the interior of the ends of long bones and the interior of all other types of bones.
Morphological:
- Long: Shaft and two ends, e.g., clavicle, humerus, femur.
- Short: Cube-shaped, e.g., carpals and tarsals.
- Flat: Thin, flat, and curved, e.g., scapula, sternum, ribs.
- Irregular: Complex shapes, e.g., vertebrae, hip.
- Sesamoid: Small, nodular bones embedded in tendons, protecting tendons from compression and friction, eg. patella.

Long Bone Structure

Epiphysis: The two expanded articular ends of the long bone.
Diaphysis: The shaft or central region of the long bone.
Metaphysis: The part of the diaphysis adjacent to the epiphysis.
Epiphyseal Plate: Cartilaginous plate separating the metaphysis from the epiphysis, responsible for growth in length of the long bone. Replaced by the epiphyseal line after complete growth.
Medullary Cavity: The hollow inside of the shaft, filled with bone marrow.
Nutrient Canal (Foramen): Channel through which nutrient artery supplies the diaphysis.
Periosteum: Dense connective tissue membrane covering the outer surface of the bone.

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Description

Explore the fundamental anatomical terms used to describe the position, planes, and relation of structures in the human body. This quiz will cover definitions and examples related to anatomical positioning, including terms like sagittal, coronal, and transverse planes. Test your understanding of these essential concepts in anatomy.